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Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Case report
Full Version
Mini-implant Supported Temporary Replacement of Teeth in Children- A Case Report
Correspondence Address :
Nupur Saha,
1/1, Pannajhil, Barasat, PO: Noapara, North 24 Parganas District, West Bengal, India.
E-mail: drnupursahadas@gmail.com
Dental agenesis or hypodontia is a frequent cause of tooth loss in children, most common being the maxillary lateral incisors. The absence of teeth affects aesthetics and results in functional impairment that hampers the psychological development of the young child. Treatment options available for replacement of congenitally missing teeth include fixed and removable dentures, resin-related retention devices, and single-tooth implants. The main deterring factor for implant placement in young children is the impending growth. To overcome this drawback, one can use self-drilling, one-piece orthodontic mini screw implants as a temporary abutment for the replacement of congenitally missing teeth. Mini-implant with temporary crown can serve as a permanent dental restoration for a growing child as the mini-implant is well maintained throughout his/her growth period without significant changes in skeletal morphology. This case report deals with a 12-year-old young girl patient, who has been treated with self-drilling orthodontic mini-implant with a strip crown for her congenitally missing bilateral lateral incisors, without any complications with six months follow-up.
Growth, Orthodontic mini screw implant, Temporary restoration
A 12-year-old girl patient reported to the Outpatient Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, with a chief complaint of spacing in between anterior teeth, since she was seven or eight year of age. All other medical/dental history was non contributory.
Clinical examination revealed that patients having a moderately straight profile, competent lips, normal mentolabial sulcus, and apparently symmetrical face. Intraoral examination revealed missing lateral incisors bilaterally with the presence of midline diastema in the upper arch (Table/Fig 1). Patient had complete permanent dentition with permanent canines fully erupted bilaterally. Other intraoral soft tissue and hard tissues were normal in range. Family history revealed that her mother was also having the same type of dental anomaly i.e., missing lateral incisors bilaterally in the maxillary arch. So, in the present case, this dental anomaly had a hereditary background (Table/Fig 2),(Table/Fig 3).
Provisional diagnosis was hypodontia in the maxillary arch. Evaluation of Orthopantomogram (OPG) revealed the patient had congenitally missing lateral incisors bilaterally in the maxillary arch (Table/Fig 4). So, the final diagnosis was hereditary hypodontia in the maxillary arch. The treatment objectives were the closure of the midline diastema in upper the arch by orthodontic treatment so that adequate space can be obtained for temporary replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors bilaterally, followed by placement of mini-implants. To restore aesthetics, tooth colored crowns would be placed over the mini-implants. Once alveolar growth is complete, when the patient reaches adolescent age, these mini-implants can be replaced by an osseointegrated implant placement in the bone, followed by the fabrication of a permanent prosthesis. The recommended treatment plan was discussed with the patient and the parents. Before going through any procedure, informed consent was obtained from the guardians of the patient.
1st Part: Orthodontic Treatment
The MBT (developed by McLaughlin, Bennett and Trevisi) bracket system was used. Brackets were placed and incorporated 0.016” NiTi wire with an open coil spring between central incisor and canine on both right and left sides to close the midline diastema, and adequate mesiodistal width for restoration of missing lateral incisors was achieved (Table/Fig 5). After six weeks, clinical evaluation revealed the midline diastema was closed (Table/Fig 6). The space available between 11 and 13 was 7 mm and between 21 and 23 was 6 mm. The spaces obtained were adequate to restore lateral incisors {mesiodistal width of the Lateral Incisors (LI) is 6.5-6.6 mm (1)} by the placement of mini-implants (Table/Fig 7).
2nd Part: Placement of Mini Implants
Titanium mini screw implants selected were of size 1.5×10 mm (SK Surgicals) (Table/Fig 8). After local anaesthesia administration and by using a flapless procedure, mini-implants were placed with the help of a driver in 12 and 22 regions (Table/Fig 9),(Table/Fig 10). Radiographic confirmation was done, to ensure that alignment of mini-implants placed were parallel to long axis of 11 and 21 (Table/Fig 11).
After Four Weeks Follow-up
After four weeks, an X-ray and clinical assessment (Table/Fig 12) revealed that the mini-implants were well positioned and that there was no inflammation of the soft tissues. So, all the bracket were removed, cleaned and crown build up with composites were done by the placement of strip crowns over the mini-implants (Table/Fig 13),(Table/Fig 14). The patient was provided with a Hawley restraint plate that must be worn at all times except at night.
The patient was kept on a regular recall schedule for six months and no implant mobility were observed (Table/Fig 15),(Table/Fig 16). Patient was asked to maintain oral hygiene around the retained implant prosthesis using a toothbrush and mouth rinse. The patient’s parents have been informed that this restoration is temporary and needs to be replaced with osseointegrated implant with permanent restoration when the period of active growth ceases. (15 years of age, in case of females).
After Nine Months Follow-up
Although the patient regularly wore a retention plate, during a 9-month follow-up, the authors found that, there was a 1 mm diastema between the 11 and 21. The implant-based dental prosthesis was quite good. There was no swelling, pain and sensitivity around the teeth (Table/Fig 17).
The term “Dental agenesis” is described as congenital absence of any primary or permanent dentition. It is also known as hypodontia and is one of the most frequently encountered of all oral anomalies that affects a large population (2). Various epidemiological studies reveal that one of the most common congenitally missing teeth is lateral incisor in maxilla causing aesthetic and functional impairments in the affected individuals (2),(3). Management of missing lateral incisors is challenging and involves a multi-disciplinary approach for rehabilitation of impaired aesthetics and function (2),(3),(4). A meta-analysis stated that dental agenesis is more common in females (1.37 times) than males (3). The prevalence of missing maxillary lateral incisors ranges from 0.95% in an American Caucasian sample to 2% in an Icelandic sample (3), meta-analysis of 10 studies, totaling 48274 subjects, found the prevalence of missing maxillary lateral incisors to be 1.6% (3). Dental agenesis has been attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic background is involved in the majority of cases (5). It might be associated with non syndromic systemic conditions, syndromic conditions or other oral anomalies like ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip with palate etc., but in the present case the patient had no such medical/dental history. Only her mother also, had the congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors.
For making a treatment plan for a child with missing tooth some factors should be considered that are growth of the child, dentition present, the residual space between the teeth present in the arch, height of the alveolar bone, and the timing of implant placement. According to Graham JW, mini-implants used to hold a temporary crown restoration can be a better therapeutic option than a detachable partial denture or a Maryland bridge for replacing a single lost tooth (5). But placement of dental implants required multiple visits which become troublesome for patients, mini-implants eliminate the need for surgery and multiple appointments. Mini dental implant is most commonly used for the stabilisation of over denture and some orthodontic treatments, but now they are also used in paediatric dentistry for congenitally missing teeth and tooth loss due to trauma. The orthodontic mini screw implant is a temporary anchorage device, constitutes of pure titanium or titanium alloy, as they are biocompatible and highly inert (6). The miniscrew helps prevent ridge atrophy by stimulating the alveolar ridge and thus, prevents the drifting of the adjacent roots into the edentulous space (7). The relatively small diameter allows the fixture to be placed even in the presence of transverse bone loss. The removal of the mini-implants is non traumatic and does not result in any additional deficits because they have minimal osseointegration and so allow the volumes of the soft and bone tissues to be maintained until growth is complete (8).
Brugnolo E et al., in their study showed that, all the patients who received implants in the anterior regions of maxilla had an implant crown in infra occlusion after 2.5-4.5 year (8). Kalia AJ placed successfully a self-drilling one-piece orthodontic mini-screw implant as a temporary abutment for the replacement of the congenitally missing right lateral incisor. The main advantage of an orthodontic mini-implant temporary crown is that, it can serve as a permanent dental restoration for a growing child, if the mini-implant is well maintained throughout his or her growth period, without significant changes of skeletal morphology (9). De Oliveira NS et al., had shown that artificial tooth-supporting orthodontic implants can be successfully used torestore missing permanent teeth in children (10). Placement of mini-implant is intended to temporarily satisfy the aesthetic needs of the patient and can be used as a space maintainer option, until the general growth of the patient is complete (11).
Temporary restoration of congenitally missing teeth with mini-implant with strip crown can be an excellent alternative treatment option in young growing children. In oral rehabilitation of growing patient, mini-implant is becoming promising alternative for crown anchorage, especially in the anterior region due to its great biocompatibility and ease of application. A good temporary cosmetic and functional restoration based on a mini-implant, enhances the quality of life of the child, social integration and increases self-esteem.
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2023/60436.17950
Date of Submission: Jan 06, 2023
Date of Peer Review: Feb 09, 2023
Date of Acceptance: Mar 20, 2023
Date of Publishing: May 01, 2023
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. Yes
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Jan 07, 2023
• Manual Googling: Feb 15, 2023
• iThenticate Software: Mar 18, 2023 (21%)
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