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Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Case report
Full Version
Detection of Anti-Rod and Anti-Ring Autoantibodies in a Patient with Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cirrhosis of Liver: A Case Report
Correspondence Address :
Ashok Kumar Kapoor,
A-21, Nirala Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
E-mail: drashokkapoor2016@gmail.com
Present case (53-year-old female) relates to results of diagnostic autoantibodies reactive against various antigens. Autoantibodies reactive against 16 nuclear antigens (Mi-2, ku, nRNP/Sm, S5-A (nativ), RO-52, SS-B, Scl-70, PM-Scl100, jo-1, CENPB, PCNA, DsDNA, nucleosomes, histones, ribosomal P-protein) and antigen Anti-Mitochondrial M2 Antibody (AMA-M2) were tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosolvent assay, using a membrane as the solid phase; no colour reaction developed, suggesting absence of antibodies against above antigens. However, autoantibodies against rod and ring-like structures Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase (IMPD) were detected. Presence of high titer autoantibodies against Double stranded (Ds) Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Sm nuclear antigens might be diagnostic of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). However, low titer antibodies against other nuclear antigens might increase the risk to develop SLE in an asymptomatic patient. Immune complexes might develop and get deposited in synovium. Later, chronic synovitis might develop. In addition, the test for rheumatoid factor was negative with serum of the current patient. Patient was diagnosed as a case of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. The patient also had cirrhosis of the liver. Rarely, anti-rod and anti-ring autoantibodies might develop in a patient with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. Further, these antibodies might also be detected in sera of patients with SLE or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or during treatment with interferon-α/Ribavirin. However, the significance of these autoantibodies in pathogenesis of a autoimmune disease or HCV infection is unknown. High titer antibodies against double stranded (Ds) DNA and Sm antigens might be diagnostic of SLE.
Antinuclear antibody, Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, Systemic lupus erythematosus
A 53-year-old female patient reported with chief complain of pain and swelling of small joints of both hands since 20 years. On examination, she had redness and swelling of proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of both hands. Test for serum rheumatoid factor was negative. Occasionally, she consumed alcohol and developed cirrhosis of liver three years ago. On abdominal examination, spleen was just palpable. She was diagnosed as a case of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis with compensated cirrhosis of liver and firbrocongestive spleen. Serum autoantibody was tested using Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and monkey liver cells by indirect immunofluorescence test (kit was purchased from euroimmune dedizinische Labordiagnostika, Germany). Results of immunofluorescence test revealed detection of Rods and Rings (RR) like perinuclear cytoplasmic antigens (Table/Fig 1). She was treated with Ibuprofen 200 mg thrice a day. However, at the time of writing this report, patient was not taking any medication.
Autoantibody profile (et Mi-2 et ku) was also used for detection of antibodies of IgG class against 16 different antigens, like Mi-2, Ku, nRNP/Sm, SS-A (native), Ro-52, SS-B, Scl-70, PM-Scl100, Jo-1, CENP B, PCNA, dsDNA/ nucleosomes, histones, ribosomal P-protein and AMA M2. Autoantibodies were tested in serum of the patient (test kit had parallel horizontal lines of highly purified antigens in immunoblot strips). Strip was incubated with diluted serum. Specific IgG antibodies (also IgM and IgA) would bind with the corresponding antigen. To detect the bound antibody, a second antibody (anti-human IgG alkaline phosphatase conjugate) was used. Later, a colour reaction was developed. Antibodies were not detected against above cellular antigens (Table/Fig 2).
Contrary reports have been obtained regarding the role of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in pathogenesis of RR antigens (1). For example, Shaikh Y et al., could not detect HCV in 38 RR patients and only one RR patient was also HCV positive (1). In another study, Sener AG, reported three cases with RR antibody pattern out of 41921 sera tested with anti-human IgG fluorescein conjugate (2). Conversely, Keppeke GD et al., found one patient with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection out of 57 RR cases (the remaining 56 cases were also HCV positive) (3). Current case did not have HCV infection. Antirod and anti-ring (anti-RR) antibodies might develop during non responsiveness to interferon-α and ribavirin (IFN-α/RBN) treatment or following relapse (4). Rarely, anti-RR antibodies were detected in a normal healthy individual with no previous history of INF-α/RBN treatment. Moreover, a few patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis might also develop anti-RR antibodies. Sera of anti-RR positive patients also reacted with inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) which appeared to be a major autoantigen of RR (5). Additionally, autoantibodies against Cytidine Triphosphate Synthetase type-1 (CTPS1), a cytoplasmic antigen might also develop in a HCV patient being treated with IFN-α/RBN. These enzymes (IMPDH2 and CTPS1) appeared to mask the epitopes that might participate in RR formation. These enzymes are inhibited by INF-α and ribavirin (3). In addition, Myc-Associated Zinc finger protein (MAZI) was also suspected to be a target antigen (6). Anti-RR positivity suggested poor HCV treatment outcome (7).
Recently, Telaprevir (TPV) was included along with IFN-α/RBN as triple drug therapy for treatment of HCV infection. Present case was not treated with ribavirin (RBN). Moreover, TVP was also not given to current patient. Presence of anti-RR antibodies may also be explained by changes in immune-regulation caused by autoimmunity or Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection in a particular genetic background (8). Another peculiarity of the current case was absence of antihistone antibody in serum; anti-histone antibody might be detected in more than half of the cases of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Anti-U1-nRNP antibody is rarely found in RA. In addition, RA might develop when a patient with HCV infection was treated with IFN-α and RBN (9). Increased B-cell activity had been reported earlier in RA patients (10). Moreover, the role of circulating immune complexes had been suspected in pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (11). These observations suggested that all the patients with arthritis might not be immunologically silent and immune alterations as well as other factors might contribute to formation of anti-RR antibodies. In another study, 66 samples with anti-RR antibody were detected and it was suggested that anti-RR in non hepatitis patients might be a manifestation of metabolic diseases (12). Moreover, IMPDH might be the antigen detected by anti-RR antibody (13).
Detectin of anti-Ro antibody had been useful in the diagnosis of Systermic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS). Anti-Ro antibody might produce pathology in various organs and different symptoms might develop during the course of SS. Anti-Ro antibodies might produce necrosis as well as inhibit the activity of Ro52 antigen. Further, inverstigations in Ro autoantigenautoantibody system might be required for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Serum containing autoantibodies against Ro/SSA might recognise two different antigens (Ro52 and Ro60).
Ro52 might reside in cytoplasm while Ro60 might reside in the nucleus. Further, Ro52 antigen might be coexpressed with Soluble Liver Antigen (SLA). Patients with dual autoantibodies had a high frequency of DRB1*03 when compared with DRB1*4 (14).
The present case reports reported the anti-rod and anti-ring autoantibodies in serum of a patient with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. Both serum rheumatoid factor and anti-HCV antibody tests were negative. There was no history of treatment with interferonalpha and ribavirin. Presence of anti-rod and anti-ring (anti-RR) antibodies suggested the role of autoimmunity in pathogenesis of arthritis in current patient. Several factors appear to be involved in pathogenesis of anti-RR antibodies, for example, anti-HCV infection and treatment with interferon-alpha/ribavirin hepatitis B virus infection. Further, anti-RR antibodies might be detected in several autoimmune diseases, like systemic lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and/or rheumatoid arthritis.
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2022/59168.17336
Date of Submission: Jul 19, 2022
Date of Peer Review: Sep 24, 2022
Date of Acceptance: Oct 19, 2022
Date of Publishing: Dec 01, 2022
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. Yes
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Jul 20, 2022
• Manual Googling: Oct 03, 2022
• iThenticate Software: Oct 11, 2022 (16%)
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