Association of Anthropometric Indices of Obesity and Body Fat Composition with Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia: A Case-control Study
Correspondence Address :
Raghav Gutlur,
Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Rajarajeshwari Medical College
and Hospital, Bengaluru-560074, Karnataka, India.
E-mail: rgutlur@gmail.com
Introduction: Presently, obesity has evolved as a global epidemic, impacting both developed and developing nations with same intensity. It require serious attention from both public and clinicians.
Aim: To evaluate anthropometric indices as potential indicators of increased risk of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study, conducted between November 2012 to April 2014 at the General Medicine Department of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Sulia, Karnataka, India. A total of 200 patients of either gender, aged 30 to 90 years with either hypertension, or type 2 DM, or dyslipidemia, or obesity or any combinations of the above were recruited and grouped as cases. Another 200 apparently healthy volunteer were considered controls. Anthropometric indices, like height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-toHip Ratio (WHR), Hip Circumference (HC), body and visceral fat percentage, and skin fold thickness were measured. Statistical tests like Shapiro-Wilk test, Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney test were applied using software R version 3.6.0.
Results: Out of total 200 patients, majority were males (52%) followed by females (48%). No significant difference was observed between study groups with respect to age (p-value=0.115). Among cases, 54 (27%) had only DM, 44 (22%) had only hypertension, whereas 102 (51%) had both DM and hypertension. Statistically, a significant difference was found between study groups with respect to distribution of BMI (p-value <0.0004), WC (p-value <0.001), WHR (p-value <0.001), body fat (p-value <0.001), visceral fat (p-value <0.0002), skin fold (p-value <0.001), glycaemic (p-value <0.001) and lipid profile (p-value <0.00001). Cases were 3.2 times more likely to have dyslipidemia than controls (OR: 3.2; CI: 2.1-4.9). With a unit increase in the body fat, visceral fat, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), triglycerides and BMI, odds of having hypertension or diabetes increases by a factor of 1.39, 1.16, 1.46, 1.03 and 0.67, respectively.
Conclusion: There was a strong significant association of anthropometric indices of obesity and body fat percentage with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
Body mass index, Glycaemic profile, Karada scan, Risk factors, Visceral fat, Waist-hip ratio
10.7860/JCDR/2021/50957.15669
Date of Submission: Jun 21, 2021
Date of Peer Review: Aug 26, 2021
Date of Acceptance: Sep 29, 2021
Date of Publishing: Nov 01, 2021
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
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