Comparison of Bupivacaine and 2-Chloroprocaine with and without Fentanyl for Subarachnoid Block in Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Study
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Sarvesh Singh,
Associate Proffessor, Department of Anaestheaia, BPS Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Dist-Sonipat, Haryana-131305, India.
E-mail: avnicvc@gmail.com
Introduction: Providing an adequate intraoperative anaesthesia with a prolonged pain-free interval is the prime priority of an anaesthesiologist. Since the decline in use of 2-chloroprocaine in 1956, due to side-effects of its preservative sodium bisulfite, the preservative free drug has recently witnessed a comeback in clinical practice.
Aim: To compare the efficacy of bupivacaine and 2-chloroprocaine with and without fentanyl in subarachnoid block for inguinal hernia repair surgery.
Materials and Methods: This randomised controlled study was carried out on 102 male patients of 18-65 years of age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I or II, scheduled for inguinal hernia repair. The study was conducted from May 2019 to November 2020. The patients were randomly divided into three groups of 34 each. In group A, the subarachnoid block was administered with injection 0.5% bupivacaine (H) 10.5 mg. In group B, patients were administered, injection 2-chloroprocaine 40 mg diluted with 0.5 mL of saline. In group C, the patients were administered with injection 2-chloroprocaine 40 mg with 25 µg of injection fentanyl (0.5 mL). The adequacy of intraoperative anaesthesia in terms of onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, haemodynamic parameters, postoperative urinary retention and other side-effects were evaluated. The parameters were compared using Analysis of variance test (>2 groups). If statistically significant difference was found in ANOVA, appropriate post-hoc (LSD/Bonferroni) was used to assess statistical significance of pair-wise comparisons.
Results: The mean time of onset of the motor and sensory block was faster in group B (3.57±0.66, 2.68±0.58 min), by almost 1 minute than in the bupivacaine and fentanyl group (4.57±0.79, 3.59±0.61 min) (4.99±1.01, 4.04±0.99 min) respectively. The mean difference was statistically significant (p-value <0.05). The mean duration of the motor and sensory blocks between the groups revealed statistically significant difference between groups A and B as well as groups A and C. However, between groups B and C, there was no significant difference as far as motor block duration is concerned. Group B had significantly shorter duration of the motor and sensory block amongst the three groups.
Conclusion: Addition of intrathecal fentanyl significantly prolonged the onset and duration of sensory and motor block, with minimally extending the time to complete recovery.
Haemodynamic parameters, Motor and sensory block, Onset and duration, Postoperative urinary retention
10.7860/JCDR/2021/46404.15353
Date of Submission: Aug 22, 2020
Date of Peer Review: Oct 09, 2020
Date of Acceptance: May 03, 2021
Date of Publishing: Sep 01, 2021
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Aug 23, 2021
• Manual Googling: Mar 03, 2021
• iThenticate Software: May 28, 2021 (23%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
- Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science, thomsonreuters)
- Index Copernicus ICV 2017: 134.54
- Academic Search Complete Database
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
- Embase
- EBSCOhost
- Google Scholar
- HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme
- Indian Science Abstracts (ISA)
- Journal seek Database
- Popline (reproductive health literature)
- www.omnimedicalsearch.com