Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, ISSN - 0973 - 709X

Users Online : 40326

AbstractMaterial and MethodsResultsDiscussionConclusionReferencesDOI and Others
Article in PDF How to Cite Citation Manager Readers' Comments (0) Audio Visual Article Statistics Link to PUBMED Print this Article Send to a Friend
Advertisers Access Statistics Resources

Dr Mohan Z Mani

"Thank you very much for having published my article in record time.I would like to compliment you and your entire staff for your promptness, courtesy, and willingness to be customer friendly, which is quite unusual.I was given your reference by a colleague in pathology,and was able to directly phone your editorial office for clarifications.I would particularly like to thank the publication managers and the Assistant Editor who were following up my article. I would also like to thank you for adjusting the money I paid initially into payment for my modified article,and refunding the balance.
I wish all success to your journal and look forward to sending you any suitable similar article in future"



Dr Mohan Z Mani,
Professor & Head,
Department of Dermatolgy,
Believers Church Medical College,
Thiruvalla, Kerala
On Sep 2018




Prof. Somashekhar Nimbalkar

"Over the last few years, we have published our research regularly in Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. Having published in more than 20 high impact journals over the last five years including several high impact ones and reviewing articles for even more journals across my fields of interest, we value our published work in JCDR for their high standards in publishing scientific articles. The ease of submission, the rapid reviews in under a month, the high quality of their reviewers and keen attention to the final process of proofs and publication, ensure that there are no mistakes in the final article. We have been asked clarifications on several occasions and have been happy to provide them and it exemplifies the commitment to quality of the team at JCDR."



Prof. Somashekhar Nimbalkar
Head, Department of Pediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad
Chairman, Research Group, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad
National Joint Coordinator - Advanced IAP NNF NRP Program
Ex-Member, Governing Body, National Neonatology Forum, New Delhi
Ex-President - National Neonatology Forum Gujarat State Chapter
Department of Pediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat.
On Sep 2018




Dr. Kalyani R

"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research is at present a well-known Indian originated scientific journal which started with a humble beginning. I have been associated with this journal since many years. I appreciate the Editor, Dr. Hemant Jain, for his constant effort in bringing up this journal to the present status right from the scratch. The journal is multidisciplinary. It encourages in publishing the scientific articles from postgraduates and also the beginners who start their career. At the same time the journal also caters for the high quality articles from specialty and super-specialty researchers. Hence it provides a platform for the scientist and researchers to publish. The other aspect of it is, the readers get the information regarding the most recent developments in science which can be used for teaching, research, treating patients and to some extent take preventive measures against certain diseases. The journal is contributing immensely to the society at national and international level."



Dr Kalyani R
Professor and Head
Department of Pathology
Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College
Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research , Kolar, Karnataka
On Sep 2018




Dr. Saumya Navit

"As a peer-reviewed journal, the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research provides an opportunity to researchers, scientists and budding professionals to explore the developments in the field of medicine and dentistry and their varied specialities, thus extending our view on biological diversities of living species in relation to medicine.
‘Knowledge is treasure of a wise man.’ The free access of this journal provides an immense scope of learning for the both the old and the young in field of medicine and dentistry as well. The multidisciplinary nature of the journal makes it a better platform to absorb all that is being researched and developed. The publication process is systematic and professional. Online submission, publication and peer reviewing makes it a user-friendly journal.
As an experienced dentist and an academician, I proudly recommend this journal to the dental fraternity as a good quality open access platform for rapid communication of their cutting-edge research progress and discovery.
I wish JCDR a great success and I hope that journal will soar higher with the passing time."



Dr Saumya Navit
Professor and Head
Department of Pediatric Dentistry
Saraswati Dental College
Lucknow
On Sep 2018




Dr. Arunava Biswas

"My sincere attachment with JCDR as an author as well as reviewer is a learning experience . Their systematic approach in publication of article in various categories is really praiseworthy.
Their prompt and timely response to review's query and the manner in which they have set the reviewing process helps in extracting the best possible scientific writings for publication.
It's a honour and pride to be a part of the JCDR team. My very best wishes to JCDR and hope it will sparkle up above the sky as a high indexed journal in near future."



Dr. Arunava Biswas
MD, DM (Clinical Pharmacology)
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmacology
Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital , Kolkata




Dr. C.S. Ramesh Babu
" Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR) is a multi-specialty medical and dental journal publishing high quality research articles in almost all branches of medicine. The quality of printing of figures and tables is excellent and comparable to any International journal. An added advantage is nominal publication charges and monthly issue of the journal and more chances of an article being accepted for publication. Moreover being a multi-specialty journal an article concerning a particular specialty has a wider reach of readers of other related specialties also. As an author and reviewer for several years I find this Journal most suitable and highly recommend this Journal."
Best regards,
C.S. Ramesh Babu,
Associate Professor of Anatomy,
Muzaffarnagar Medical College,
Muzaffarnagar.
On Aug 2018




Dr. Arundhathi. S
"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR) is a reputed peer reviewed journal and is constantly involved in publishing high quality research articles related to medicine. Its been a great pleasure to be associated with this esteemed journal as a reviewer and as an author for a couple of years. The editorial board consists of many dedicated and reputed experts as its members and they are doing an appreciable work in guiding budding researchers. JCDR is doing a commendable job in scientific research by promoting excellent quality research & review articles and case reports & series. The reviewers provide appropriate suggestions that improve the quality of articles. I strongly recommend my fraternity to encourage JCDR by contributing their valuable research work in this widely accepted, user friendly journal. I hope my collaboration with JCDR will continue for a long time".



Dr. Arundhathi. S
MBBS, MD (Pathology),
Sanjay Gandhi institute of trauma and orthopedics,
Bengaluru.
On Aug 2018




Dr. Mamta Gupta,
"It gives me great pleasure to be associated with JCDR, since last 2-3 years. Since then I have authored, co-authored and reviewed about 25 articles in JCDR. I thank JCDR for giving me an opportunity to improve my own skills as an author and a reviewer.
It 's a multispecialty journal, publishing high quality articles. It gives a platform to the authors to publish their research work which can be available for everyone across the globe to read. The best thing about JCDR is that the full articles of all medical specialties are available as pdf/html for reading free of cost or without institutional subscription, which is not there for other journals. For those who have problem in writing manuscript or do statistical work, JCDR comes for their rescue.
The journal has a monthly publication and the articles are published quite fast. In time compared to other journals. The on-line first publication is also a great advantage and facility to review one's own articles before going to print. The response to any query and permission if required, is quite fast; this is quite commendable. I have a very good experience about seeking quick permission for quoting a photograph (Fig.) from a JCDR article for my chapter authored in an E book. I never thought it would be so easy. No hassles.
Reviewing articles is no less a pain staking process and requires in depth perception, knowledge about the topic for review. It requires time and concentration, yet I enjoy doing it. The JCDR website especially for the reviewers is quite user friendly. My suggestions for improving the journal is, more strict review process, so that only high quality articles are published. I find a a good number of articles in Obst. Gynae, hence, a new journal for this specialty titled JCDR-OG can be started. May be a bimonthly or quarterly publication to begin with. Only selected articles should find a place in it.
An yearly reward for the best article authored can also incentivize the authors. Though the process of finding the best article will be not be very easy. I do not know how reviewing process can be improved. If an article is being reviewed by two reviewers, then opinion of one can be communicated to the other or the final opinion of the editor can be communicated to the reviewer if requested for. This will help one’s reviewing skills.
My best wishes to Dr. Hemant Jain and all the editorial staff of JCDR for their untiring efforts to bring out this journal. I strongly recommend medical fraternity to publish their valuable research work in this esteemed journal, JCDR".



Dr. Mamta Gupta
Consultant
(Ex HOD Obs &Gynae, Hindu Rao Hospital and associated NDMC Medical College, Delhi)
Aug 2018




Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey

"I wish to thank Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), for asking me to write up few words.
Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium i e; into the words and sentences on paper. Quality medical manuscript writing in particular, demands not only a high-quality research, but also requires accurate and concise communication of findings and conclusions, with adherence to particular journal guidelines. In medical field whether working in teaching, private, or in corporate institution, everyone wants to excel in his / her own field and get recognised by making manuscripts publication.


Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."



Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011




Dr. Shankar P.R.

"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."



Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011
Anuradha

Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.


Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020

Important Notice

Original article / research
Year : 2021 | Month : July | Volume : 15 | Issue : 7 | Page : JC01 - JC03 Full Version

Peer Assisted Learning: A New Teaching Approach in Undergraduate Medical Students


Published: July 1, 2021 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2021/48267.15081
R Divya, S Abeetha, S Nedunchezhiyan, S Sadhana

1. Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Siruvacher, Tamil Nadu, India. 2. Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, A.C.S Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, KAP Viswanathan Government Medical College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India. 4. Scientist B, Department of Public Health, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telengana, India.

Correspondence Address :
R Divya,
21/B, Block/Staff Quarters, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: divyaashok47@yahoo.in

Abstract

Aim: To introduce peer assisted learning as new teaching and learning method in first year medical students and to compare the impact of this method on learners with traditional method of learning by Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE).

Materials and Methods: In this observational study, first year MBBS students were randomly divided into two groups- the regular module and PAL module. In regular module, the students were taught by the faculty. In PAL module, the students were taught by a previously trained final MBBS students. In PAL module, senior medical students were trained on the clinical-practical topic to be taught. After training, the senior medical students taught their juniors. In the regular module, the junior students were taught the same clinical practical topic by the faculty. At the end of the session, the students were assessed by OSPE. Paired t-test was used for assessing effectiveness of educational methods. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Students’ post-test marks in PAL group were higher than the regular module group (12±2.9 vs 9.8±3.5, p<0.01). Majority (70%) of the students agreed that PAL is a better method of learning and develops teaching attitude. Most of the students strongly agreed that PAL provides friendly environment for learning (80%). About 70% of students gave positive response about need of similar sessions in the future.

Conclusion: PAL is an interesting and exciting teaching-learning methodology in undergraduate medical training.

Keywords

Educational study, Medical education project, Teaching-learning methodology

The PAL is a well-recognised teaching-learning methodology in medical education. It is an innovative approach of learning involving a process of socialisation among students (1). Teaching medical students is one of the important tasks for all medical teachers along with their valuable contribution in patient care and research. It is reflected by the word itself, as “doctor” comes from the Latin word “docere” which means “to teach” (2).

From the student’s point of vision, PAL is a combined and cooperative learning strategy which provides numerous advantages such as close communication between tutee and tutor. This close association could make possible group debate which is difficult to perform in the company of well-known faculty staff. The teaching action by itself can progress tutor’s understanding of the subject and thereby give them a chance to steadily increase their self-confidence and facilitate them to encourage their communication skills essential for better teaching as new educators (3),(4).

National Medical Commission (NMC) of India has implemented the Competency Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum for medical students to improve the quality of medical education with the growing needs of the country. NMC endorses the role of IMG from a clinician to a communicator, leader, teacher and a member of the healthcare team (5).

Many studies have been conducted on PAL that found significant results in terms of students developing positive attitude towards teaching, opportunities for networking among themselves (6),(7). This study was conducted to find out many other aspects of teaching learning methodologies such as if the PAL method has an advantage over the regular teaching method in terms of developing teaching attitude, students’ self-confidence, if it provides comfortable teaching environment, better knowledge retention, cordial environment for learning, if it is a better method of learning and if it improves professional bonding between the students. The study also wanted to find if PAL has an edge over regular teaching method in terms of academic performance of the students. This study was conducted to understand if PAL could be introduced as a new teaching modality in the institute for the first-year medical students.

Material and Methods

An observational study was conducted in Karpagam faculty of Medical Sciences, Coimbatore for a period of two months (November 2018 to December 2018). The study population was first year undergraduate medical students and the study commenced after obtaining ethical clearance (IHEC/150/physiology/10/2018) from the Institutional Ethics Committee.

Inclusion criteria: First year MBBS students and final year medical students willing to participate in study were included.

Exclusion criteria: Students not willing to participate in the study were excluded.

Sample size calculation: Assuming a 50% agree towards PAL and using the formula n=(zα/2)2 pq/d2 (zα =1.96, p=50, q=50, d=10) where, n is sample size, zα/2 is normal deviate for two-tailed alternative hypothesis at a level of significance, p is expected proportion, q is 100-p, d is absolute precision. Using the formula, total sample size was calculated as 100 subjects (8).

Informed consent was obtained from 100 first year MBBS students who were willing to participate in the study. Sample was randomly divided into two groups with 50 students each as regular and PAL modules. In regular module group, faculty was the tutor and the first year MBBS students were the tutee. In PAL module, the first year MBBS students (tutee) were taught by a previously trained final MBBS (senior) students (tutor). In PAL module, senior medical students were trained on the clinical-practical basics of how to structure a lesson plan and ask effective questions and were allowed to practice the teaching skills. After training, the senior medical students taught the junior students. In the regular module, the first MBBS students were taught the same clinical practical topic by the faculty (tutor). The duration of each session was one hour and the topic was measurement of blood pressure.

In the PAL module, one senior student taught 10 junior students, so a total of five senior students taught 50 junior students. In this experimental set up, two practical sessions were conducted, one for each group. After each session, cross over was done i.e., students in regular module were exposed to PAL module and vice versa.

At the beginning and end of session, the students were assessed by Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) test. A feedback about PAL module was obtained from the students using a questionnaire consisting of 16 questions, of which eight questions related to socio-demographic details and eight questions on PAL module. The student feedback evaluation was done using a five-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neutral, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree) to assess their learning experience, perception towards the activity, and the level of satisfaction with the activity (3).

Statistical Analysis

Statistical analysis was carried out using software R version 3.6. Continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation and categorical variables were presented as counts and percentages. Scores of pre and post intervention tests of two modules were presented as Mean±SD. Paired t-test was used for assessing effectiveness of educational methods. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Out of 250 MBBS students invited, 105 students (42%) participated in the study. This included 100 first year MBBS students belonging to age group of 18 to 19 years (50 females and 50 males); and five final year MBBS students belonging to age group of 21 to 22 years (three females and two males). The post-test scores in PAL module were higher than regular module (12±2.9 vs 9.8±3.5, p<0.01) (Table/Fig 1).

(Table/Fig 2) shows the response of students towards the effect of PAL on learning status. Majority (70%) of the students agreed that PAL is a better method of learning and develops teaching attitude. Most of the students strongly agreed that PAL provides friendly environment for learning (80%).

Discussion

The study showed that PAL develops better teaching attitude and helps in improving the self confidence of the students. It also suggests that PAL provides better knowledge retention and improves professional bonding among students. (Table/Fig 3) shows comparison of the present study results with other studies (6),(7),(9),(10),(11).

PAL has a positive effect on the learning due to the preparation, motivation involved in teaching. It also advocates that medical students are proficient in shaping quality PAL programmes, and the feedback from tutee students can help them improve their enthusiasm, teaching skills and confidence levels to conduct similar programmes in future (12).

The medical colleges/teaching institutions can utilise PAL as one of the teaching learning methodology. Thus, the abets of PAL are not just restricted to students but also encompasses the medical institutions (13).

Limitation(s)

The training of staff and students, construction of learning resources, and evaluation design, all require faculty as well as students’ time. The study involved only one clinical-practical topic. Selection of student tutors was based on voluntary willingness, which could have been done in some other systemic selection methodology.

Conclusion

PAL could play a useful role in an undergraduate medical education. It is an exciting teaching-learning method in undergraduate medical students and has the benefits of increasing teaching skills of students. However, further research is needed to clearly launch the methodology for identification, selection and training of the student tutors.

References

1.
Burgess A, van Diggele C, Roberts C, Mellis C. Planning peer assisted learning (PAL) activities in clinical schools. BMC Med Educ. 2020;20(2):453. [crossref] [PubMed]
2.
Herrmann-Werner A, Gramer R, Erschens R, Nikendei C, Wosnik A, Griewatz J, et al. Peer-assisted learning in undergraduate medical education: An overview. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2017;121:74-81. [crossref] [PubMed]
3.
Abedini M, Mortazavi F, Javadinia SA, Moonaghi HK. A new teaching approach in basic sciences: Peer assisted learning. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013;83:39-43. [crossref]
4.
Koles PG, Stolfi A, Borges NJ, Nelson S, Parmelee DX. The impact of team-based learning on medical students’ academic performance. Acad Med. 2010;85(11):1739-45. [crossref] [PubMed]
5.
http://www.mciindia.org/tools/announcement/ MCI_booklet.pdf (accessed 21.5.17).
6.
Sangwan V, Sangwan M, Siwach S, Khandelwal S, Lakra P, Mahendru R. Introduction of near peer assisted learning approach in teaching proper hand scrub technique among undergraduate students. Int J Res Med Sci. 2018;6:3004-09. [crossref]
7.
Durning SJ, Ten cate OTJ. Peer teaching in medical education. Med Teach. 2007;29:523-24. [crossref] [PubMed]
8.
Suresh Kp, Chandrashekara S. Sample size estimation and power analysis for clinical research studies. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences. 2012;5(1):07-13. [crossref] [PubMed]
9.
Field M, Burke JM, McAllister D, Lloyd DM. Peer assisted learning: A novel approach to clinical skills learning for medical students. Medical Education. 2007;41(4):411-18. [crossref] [PubMed]
10.
Bulte C, Betts A, Garner K, Durning S. Student teaching: Views of student near-peer teachers and learners. Med Teach. 2007;29(6):583-90. [crossref] [PubMed]
11.
Siddiqi HS, Rehman R, Syed FF, Martins RS, Ibrahim MT, Alam F. Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL): An innovation aimed at engaged learning for undergraduate medical students. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020;70(11):1996-2000. [crossref] [PubMed]
12.
de Silva NL, Parththipan B, Rodrigo C, Constantine G, Fernando SD, Rajapakse S. Peer assisted learning among Sri Lankan medical undergraduates: A cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1):595. [crossref] [PubMed]
13.
Fallaha MA, Pagarkar A, Lucas N. Peer-assisted learning: A medical student perspective. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2018;9:143-45. [crossref] [PubMed]

DOI and Others

10.7860/JCDR/2021/48267.15081

Date of Submission: Dec 22, 2020
Date of Peer Review: Feb 03, 2021
Date of Acceptance: Apr 24, 2021
Date of Publishing: Jul 01, 2021

AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA

PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Dec 28, 2020
• Manual Googling: Apr 23, 2021
• iThenticate Software: May 29, 2021 (18%)

ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin

JCDR is now Monthly and more widely Indexed .
  • Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science, thomsonreuters)
  • Index Copernicus ICV 2017: 134.54
  • Academic Search Complete Database
  • Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
  • Embase
  • EBSCOhost
  • Google Scholar
  • HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme
  • Indian Science Abstracts (ISA)
  • Journal seek Database
  • Google
  • Popline (reproductive health literature)
  • www.omnimedicalsearch.com