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Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Letter to Editor
Full Version
Xerostomia in Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic: Causes and Prevention
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Kaveh Nasiri,
Independent Researcher, Essen 45138, Germany.
E-mail: dds.nasiri@web.de
Dry mouth, Hyposalivation, Saliva
Dear Editor,
Saliva is a complex fluid produced in major and minor salivary glands. Around 90% of salivary secretion occurs in major salivary glands; submandibular, sublingual, and the paired parotid glands. Moreover, there are hundreds of minor salivary glands, located in the cheeks, lips, palate, tongue and oropharynx, that produce 10% of the total saliva. The range of saliva secretion is estimated to be 500 to 1000 mL per day. The total salivary flow rate is around 0.3 mL/min; however, it can increase to more than 3 mL when salivation is stimulated (1),(2). This brief letter focused on xerostomia as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 and the protective role of saliva.
Xerostomia or dry mouth is dryness of the oral cavity caused by hyposalivation or complete lack of salivation. Xerostomia is described as a symptom usually developing in aging population; nonetheless, it can develop at any age. If xerostomia is not treated well in time, it can cause serious oral consequences. There are many causes for dry mouth, the most common of which are atrophy or fibrosis of salivary glands, aplasia, high dosage of radiation, auto-immune diseases (Sjögren’s syndrome, AIDS), medications (hypotensive agents, diuretics, bronchodilators, antidepressants, antihistaminic agents, neuroleptics, anxiolytics, cytostatic, opioids, and others), dehydration (renal failure and uncontrolled diabetes) and anxiety (2),(3),(4).
A review on COVID-19 symptoms by Struyf T et al., included 16 studies with 7,706 participants. The six main COVID-19 symptoms in the review studies were coughing, sore throat, high temperature, muscle or joint pain, fatigue and headache. Since coughing and sore throat were common even in patients without COVID-19, these symptoms are less helpful for diagnosis (5). Huang N et al., reported that in almost half of the COVID-19 cases oral manifestations including taste loss, dry mouth and oral lesions were observed (6). The study by Fathi Y et al., reported that in 60% of patients, COVID-19 led to hyposalivation (7); nevertheless, there were several limitations in the study including a small number of people participating (10 patients) and the lack of a control group (7). Moreover, the study by Liu L et al., showed that Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme-2 (ACE2) epithelial cells lining the salivary gland ducts are the first target of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the dysfunction of the salivary gland via virus may lead to hyposalivation (8). In other words, attachment protein, i.e., spike of SARS-CoV-2 uses the same ACE2 and the cellular protease Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) for the activation of the virus (9),(10). However, more investigation is required to prove that the virus targets salivary gland ducts and hyposalivation is a main symptom of COVID-19.
Saliva contains various proteins and peptides which play an essential role in neutralising various viruses and respiratory infections. In particular, cathelcidin (LL-37), lactoferrin, lysozyme, mucins, peroxidase, salivary agglutinin, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), α, β defensins and Secretory Leucocyte Peptidase Inhibitor (SLPI) have antiviral function. Moreover, salivary gp340 shows antiviral activity against Human Deficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) and influenza A. Mucins also have antiviral potential against HIV-1 (11).
Other saliva components, such as IgA and IgG show a protective function against influenza viruses (11). IgG antibody is also reported to be a critical component of defence against COVID-19. IgG antibodies neutralises the virus; their direct antiviral activity was shown in 33,000 COVID-19 patients who were treated with convalescent plasma in the United States (12). Furthermore, two more recent studies reported that IgG has high potential against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens (6),(13). The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 facilitates the route transmission of COVID-19 by latching onto cellular attachment factor (ACE2). COVID-19 can easily be transmitted by inhaling virus-infected droplets or directly transferred from infected droplets to the mucous membranes in the nasal or oral cavities (9),(10). Therefore, saliva components, particularly IgG, are the body’s first line of defence against COVID-19 and the lack of sufficient saliva weakens its defensive feature against SARS-CoV infection. The lack of sufficient saliva may lead to more severe consequences if the virus infects individuals with pre-existing hyposalivation.
Older patients infected with COVID-19 have higher mortality and morbidity rate, particularly with a history of certain co-morbidities (14). Salivary IgG antibodies have defence mechanism against SARS-CoV-2. Hyposalivation decreases the antiviral components of saliva which contribute to neutralising or annihilating various viruses and respiratory infections, particularly SARS-CoV-2 (6),(11),(12),(13).
The signs of xerostomia can be attenuated with salivary drug stimulants (e.g., pilocarpine, malic acid, yohimbe and anethole trithione), chewing sugar-free gum, mouthwash (Biotène), acupressure, transcutaneous electrical stimulation and reducing or not taking drugs having hyposalivation effect (2),(3). Thus, the treatment of pre-existing hyposalivation in high-risk patients is of great significance in this disastrous pandemic. Nevertheless, it is suggested that more studies should be conducted on the antiviral effect of IgG and other antiviral saliva components against SARS-CoV-2 and xerostomia as a medical condition affecting the antiviral function of saliva, thereby being a risk factor for COVID-19 infection.
10.7860/JCDR/2021/50212.15182
Date of Submission: May 04, 2021
Date of Peer Review: May 15, 2021
Date of Acceptance: Jun 12, 2021
Date of Publishing: Aug 01, 2021
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? NA
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: May 05, 2021
• Manual Googling: May 29, 2021
• iThenticate Software: Jul 09, 2021 (17%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
- Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science, thomsonreuters)
- Index Copernicus ICV 2017: 134.54
- Academic Search Complete Database
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
- Embase
- EBSCOhost
- Google Scholar
- HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme
- Indian Science Abstracts (ISA)
- Journal seek Database
- Popline (reproductive health literature)
- www.omnimedicalsearch.com