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Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."
Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011
Dr. Shankar P.R.
"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."
Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011 Anuradha
Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.
Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020
Original article / research
Full Version
Lipase And Ca2+ Ions As Biomarkers In Blood Serum Of NIDDM
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Verma N, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.Tel: 9815710298 Email:neelam_verma2@rediffmail.com minakshimittal@rediffmail.com
Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, often associated with hypertension, lipid disturbances and obesity. Blood serum of normal healthy subject and NIDDM patients are considered for study. Lipase and Ca2+ ions concentrations have been compared in NIDDM and normal healthy subjects along with glucose concentration. Lipase activity is increased (287-325 U/L) in blood serum of NIDDM than normal healthy range (30-250 U/L). Ca2+ ions concentration has been decreased (1.5-3.4 mg/dL) below the normal range (8.9-10.4 mg / dL ). Hence lipase can be used as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and low Ca2+ ions concentrations observed in NIDDM may be alarming leading to multiple diseases.
Ca2+ ions, glucose, insulin, lipase and Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.
Introduction
Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) has become a major health problem worldwide. At present, there are about 125 million people affected by this disease, globally. Over 90% of cases of diabetes worldwide are in the form known as NIDDM. Insulin resistance is a prominent biological marker of NIDDM, particularly when it is associated with obesity, and it is defined as an impaired biological response to either exogenous or endogenous insulin. This response is not strictly confined to the relationship between insulin and glucose, but it extends to other actions of this hormone, including its effect on lipid and protein metabolism, vascular endothelium function and gene expression(7). As a further proof of the importance of fat distribution as the determinant of insulin resistance by Sumo Wrestlers(8), lipids are found to play a complex role in glucose homeostasis under both normal and pathological conditions(2). Lipases are involved in insulin secretion, and the pharmacological inhibition of lipase activity in ß-cells impairs insulin secretion(9). The Ca2+ ions are unique among all the mineral ion species due to their large intra extra gradient. Intracellular free Ca2+ ions are the determinants in regulating cardiac function and smooth muscle contraction, and act as a final common factor in the non cellular responsiveness to various stimuli(1). Up to now, there have been no studies on lipase and Ca2+ions as biomarkers in the blood serum of NIDDM. For this reason, we have now studied the lipase and Ca2+ ions concentrations in normal healthy subjects and NIDDM patients.
Selection of Samples
Samples were divided into two groups – Normal healthy subjects and NIDDM subjects. The blood serum of each group, aged around 35 – 45 years, was collected from the clinical laboratory, Patiala . Each group comprised of eight subjects who belonged to both male and female sexes. Samples were selected on the basis of age, as NIDDM manifests after age 40.
Chemicals
Lipase enzyme was procured from Hi media Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai. All other chemicals and solvents of highest grade were procured from Loba Chemie. Pvt. Ltd., Sd fine, Mumbai.
Equipment used
Systronics UV- VIS Spectrophotometer119, Systronics Photoflourometer151 of Naroda, Ahmedabad, India.
Glucose estimation
Glucose levels were estimated in normal healthy subjects and NIDDM subjects by estimation of unreduced copper(11).
Lipase activity
Lipase activity was determined in normal healthy subjects and NIDDM subjects by measuring the formation of p-Nitrophenol from p-Nitrophenol palmitate(10). SDS-PAGE of 20X diluted normal individual and NIDDM patients was run by adjusting it at an isoelectric point pH=4.65 of lipase(6)
Ca2+ ions detection
Concentration of Ca2+ ions in the blood serum of normal healthy subjects and NIDDM subjects was determined by developing the formation of a fluorescent chelate between Ca2+ ions and calcein in an alkaline solution. Fluorescence intensity measured at 540 nm with excitation at either 330 nm or 480 nm(12).
Statistical Analysis
Results are reported in triplicate as mean, which is a single value selected from a group of values to represent in some way – a value which is supposed to stand for the whole group of which it is part, as typical of all values in the group.
The glucose and lipase activity and concentration of Ca2+ ions are reported in (Table/Fig 1), (Table/Fig 2) , (Table/Fig 3) respectively.
Lipase activity was also confirmed by SDS – PAGE of 20X diluted normal individual and NIDDM blood serum by adjusting it at an isoelectric point pH=4.65 of lipase(6). The lipase band found at position 57 kDa(4) was intense in NIDDM than in normal healthy subjects, as shown in [Table /Fig 1].
Insulin stimulates lipogenesis and diminishes lipolysis. Cellular metabolism of fuel raises the ATP/ADP ratio, resulting in closure of KATP channels and concomitant β-cell depolarization. This depolarization in turn, activates voltage–gated Ca2+ channels, resulting in Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ dependent insulin exocytosis5. So on this basis, lipase and Ca2+ are selected as biomarkers. Lipase activity in NIDDM is higher than in normal healthy subjects, whereas concentration of Ca2+ ions is low in NIDDM than in normal healthy subjects. Lipases are involved in insulin secretion and the pharmacological inhibition of lipase activity in β-cells impairs insulin secretion(9). Ca2+ ions may give rise to a no. of diseases which are common in the old age, such as hypertension,arteriosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, malignancy and degenerative joint disease(3).
Concentration of Ca2+ ions had decreased (1.5-3.4 mg/dL) below the normal range (8.9-10.4 mg/dL). The lipase band found at position 57 kDa(4) was intense in NIDDM subjects than in normal healthy subjects. This study shows that lipase and Ca2+ ions are very important biomarkers as these can be used for disease diagnosis. Lipases are involved in insulin secretion and the pharmacological inhibition of lipase activity in β-cells impairs insulin secretion. A low concentration of Ca2+ ions observed in NIDDM may be considered as alarming, leading to multiple diseases. Further studies are needed to establish this.
The financial aid for the purchase of the instruments in the Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, by AICTE, is fully acknowledged
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