Year :
2013
| Month :
June
| Volume :
7
| Issue :
6
| Page :
1219 - 1222
Full Version
A Non-Invasive Technique which
Demonstrates the Iron in the Buccal
Mucosa of Sickle Cell Anaemia and
Thalassaemia Patients who Undergo
Repeated Blood Transfusions
Published: June 1, 2013 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/.3084
Harika Chittamsetty, M.S. Muni Sekhar, Syed Afroz Ahmed, Charu Suri, Sridevi Palla, S. Muni Venkatesh, Shahela Tanveer
1. Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology,
Sri Sai College of Dental Sugery, Vikarabad,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
2. Professor & Head, Department of Oral Pathology,
SVS Dental College, Mehboobnagar,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
3. Professor & Head, Department of Oral Pathology,
Sri Sai College of Dental Sugery Vikarabad,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
4. Reader, Department of Oral Pathology,
Sri Sai College of Dental Sugery, Vikarabad,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
5. Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology,
Panineeya Dental College, Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
6. Armed Dental Forces, Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
7. Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology,
Sri Sai College of Dental Sugery, Vikarabad,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Harika Chittamsetty,
Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology,
1/394, C.S. Buildings, Malavyanagar,
Gudur, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Phone: 9966301981
E-mail: drharika17@gmail.com
Abstract
Background: Iron is vital for all the living organisms. However, excess iron is hazardous because it produces free radical formation. Therefore, the iron absorption is carefully regulated to maintain an equilibrium between the absorption and the body loss of iron. Considering the lack of specific excretory pathways for iron in humans, an iron overload in the tissues is frequently encountered. It can be precipitated by a variety of conditions such as increased iron absorption, as is seen in haemochromatosis or a frequent parenteral iron administration, as is seen in thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia patients (a transfusional overload).
Objectives: To demonstrate the iron overload at an early stage by oral exfoliative cytology in the oral mucosal cells of thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia patients and to compare the presence of iron in the exfoliated oral epithelial cells with that of the serum ferritin levels in those patients.
Materials and Methods: The present study comprised of 40 ß – thalassaemia major and 20 sickle cell anaemia patients who were undergoing repeated blood transfusions of a minimum of 15/more, along with 60 clinically healthy individuals. Scrapings were obtained from the buccal mucosa and they were smeared onto glass slides. Then the slides were stained with a Perl’s Prussian staining kit and they were examined under a light microscope.
Results: 72.5% of the thalassaemia patients and 35% of the sickle cell anaemia patients revealed a positivity for the Perl’s Prussian blue reaction and none of the controls showed this positivity. It was also observed that as the serum ferritin levels increased, the iron overload in the oral mucosal cells of the thalassaemia patients also increased, which was not statistically significant, whereas it was statistically significant in case of the sickle cell anemia patients.
Conclusion: Since the exfoliative cytology is a simple, painless, non-invasive and a quick procedure to perform, a lot of research should be carried out on the correlation of the Perl’s Prussian blue reaction to the serum ferritin levels.
Keywords
Iron, Thalassaemia, Sickle cell anaemia, Perl’s Prussian blue reaction
Introduction
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DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/5551.3084
Financial OR OTHER COMPETING INTERESTS:
None.
Date of Submission: Jan 02, 2013
Date of Peer Review: Jan 25, 2013
Date of Acceptance: Mar 24, 2013
Date of Online Ahead of Print: Apr 27, 2013
Date of Publishing: Jun 01, 2013
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