Year :
2021
| Month :
October
| Volume :
15
| Issue :
10
| Page :
BC01 - BC03
Full Version
Glycated Haemoglobin: Is it a Better Reference Method than Oral Glucose Tolerance Test for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?
Published: October 1, 2021 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2021/49779.15464
Meenakshi Puri, Lal Chandra Upadhyay, Parijat Gogoi
1. Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, Haryana, India.
2. Director Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
3. Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Meenakshi Puri,
4A, Chaman Garden, Railway Road, Karnal, Haryana, India.
E-mail: meenakshi.puri1@gmail.com
Abstract
Introduction: Insulin resistance during pregnancy is associated with adverse effects on foetal and maternal health, including macrosomia, congenital malformations, perinatal mortality and pre-eclampsia. A 100 g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is recommended by World Health Organisation (WHO) as the diagnostic test for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). However, the inconvenience caused to the pregnant females due to time consuming and cumbersome multi-invasive procedure for performing OGTT has prompted the exploration of an alternative method.
Aim: To ascertain whether Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) can be used instead of OGTT for diagnosis of GDM. Materials and Methods: It was a case-control study which was conducted for one year from June 2012 to May 2013. In this study, 200 pregnant females with gestational age from 22-40 weeks underwent Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) with 50 g glucose load, OGTT and HbA1c investigations.
Results: The mean HbA1c of Group 1 with GDM was 5.29±0.68% and mean HbA1c of Group 2 without GDM was 4.83±0.46%. At the HbA1c cut-off of ≥5.85%, 18% of GDM patients were identified with specificity of 97%. A higher HbA1c cut-off of ≥5.95% showed sensitivity and specificity of 16.3% and 70%, respectively. An arbitrary cut-off of ≥5.85% would have diagnosed only 18% of patients with GDM with reasonable specificity. According to this study, 88% of GDM cases stayed undiagnosed by HbA1c at a cut-off of ≥5.85%. Hence, it can play only a supplemental role to OGTT in diagnosing GDM.
Conclusion: On the basis of the present study, HbA1c can be used as a supplemental investigation in addition to OGTT for confirmation of GDM in pregnant females. Only drawback was the lack of fixed HbA1c cut-off for diagnosing GDM.
Keywords
Glucose challenge test, Insulin resistance, Multi-invasive procedure,
Pregnancy, Second trimester and third trimester
10.7860/JCDR/2021/49779.15464
Date of Submission: Apr 06, 2021
Date of Peer Review: May 19, 2021
Date of Acceptance: Aug 15, 2021
Date of Publishing: Oct 01, 2021
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Apr 07, 2021
• Manual Googling: Aug 14, 2021
• iThenticate Software: Sep 10, 2021 (13%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
|