Year :
2020
| Month :
December
| Volume :
14
| Issue :
12
| Page :
LE01 - LE05
Full Version
Human Exposure to Lead, Mechanism of Toxicity and Treatment Strategy- A Review
Published: December 1, 2020 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2020/45615.14345
KS Sridevi Sangeetha, S Umamaheswari
1. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
2. Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Correspondence Address :
KS Sridevi Sangeetha,
No 4A/7, Ponniamman Koil Street, Kottur, Chennai-600084, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: sangeethsb@gmail.com
Abstract
Lead is one of the earliest metals discovered by humans. It has a number of unique properties such as softness, high malleability, ductility, low melting point, resistance to corrosion and low cost. This has made its widespread usage in different industrial sectors, which in turn has led to its manifold occurrence in free form in biological systems and the inert environment. Over the last few decades, with the adverse effects of lead coming to the forefront, nations across the world have started to recognise lead toxicity. This review covers the history behind the usage of lead, sources of lead exposure, absorption, distribution and excretion of lead, toxic signs and symptoms of lead toxicity and methods to evaluate the lead levels and the current treatment regimen. This also covers the details of current research work going on in the area of herbal remedies against lead induced liver damage.
Keywords
Chelator, Environment, Heavy metal, Oxidative stress, Pollutant, Symptoms
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2020/45615.14345
Date of Submission: Jun 25, 2020
Date of Peer Review: Aug 21, 2020
Date of Acceptance: Sep 18, 2020
Date of Publishing: Dec 15, 2020
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? NA
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? NA
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Jun 26, 2020
• Manual Googling: Sep 15, 2020
• iThenticate Software: Dec 02, 2020 (17%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
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