Original article / research
Hepatoprotective Effects of Cassia fistula L.: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Animal Studies
JC05-JC09
Correspondence
Dr. Premadevi Ramdasji Kalmegh,
PhD Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital and Research Centre, Salod(H), Wardha-442001, Maharashtra, India.
E-mail: dr.premadevichoudhari@gmail.com
Introduction: Cassia fistula Linn., commonly known as the Indian Laburnum or “Aargwadh” in Ayurveda, is traditionally valued for its antiseptic and therapeutic properties. Liver diseases, exacerbated by environmental toxins and viral infections, remain a significant global health burden. Medicinal plants, especially those rich in antioxidants, have gained attention for their hepatoprotective potential. Numerous preclinical studies have indicated that Cassia fistula exhibits protective effects against liver damage, making it a promising candidate for liver therapy.
Aim: To systematically analyse and synthesise available evidence on the hepatoprotective activity of Cassia fistula, evaluating its efficacy across experimental models and identifying its active phytoconstituents.
Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was carried out using databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ayush, Shodhganga and Google Scholar, employing predefined search terms such as “Cassia fistula”, “Aargwadh”, “Hepatoprotective” and “liver injury”. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on in-vivo, in-vitro and clinical studies assessing hepatoprotective outcomes. The Population (or Patient), Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study (PICOS) framework was used to define eligibility criteria. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers and included details on the part of the plant used, type of extract, hepatotoxins employed (e.g., Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4), paracetamol, Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)}, biomarkers measured and phytochemicals identified. The SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentations (SYRCLE's) Risk of Bias tool was used to assess methodological quality of animal studies.
Results: The review included a total of nine studies, demonstrating consistent hepatoprotective effects of Cassia fistula across various experimental models of liver injury. Extracts from different plant parts (pods, leaves, bark, fruit pulp) significantly reduced levels of liver enzymes {Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)}, improved histopathological profiles and enhanced antioxidant defences. Bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, anthraquinones and glycosides were frequently associated with the observed protective effects.
Conclusion: Cassia fistula exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity across multiple models of chemically induced liver damage, likely due to its rich phytochemical profile. It holds promise as a complementary herbal therapy for managing liver disorders.