Journal of clinical and diagnostic research https://www.jcdr.net/back_issues.asp JCDR Preface To First Edition JAIN H https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2007&month=February&volume=1&issue=1&page=1-2&id=47 https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2007/.47 Histopathological Spectrum of Paediatric Hodgkin´s Lymphoma PAYAL K, RAJLAKSHMI T, RAMESH R K <b>Background</b>: Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) accounts for 5 per cent of the malignancies in the pediatric age group and is potentially curable. However, early diagnosis is essential for timely management. The diagnosis and classification of Hodgkin’s lymphoma was considered to be relatively simple and straightforward earlier, but the characteristic Reed-Sternberg cells (R-S cell) that occur within an inflammatory milieu and are required for the diagnosis can also be seen in other reactive conditions, such as infectious mononucleosis and other malignant lesions, such as nonHodgkin’s lymphomas. The advances in phenotyping, molecular characteristics, histogenesis and possible mechanisms of lymphoma genesis, have led to a change in the classification into the Revised European American Lymphoma (R.E.A.L) classification followed by the World Health Organization (WHO) scheme. This has been done with a view to reflect the differences in clinical presentation, prognosis, and management. In the process, while the borders between some histological types of lymphoma became sharper, others continue to remain ill defined. <b>Material and Methods</b>: Paraffin sections and medical records of the diagnosed cases of HL were retrospectively studied during the period between Jan 1992 and Dec 2003. The sections were studied to assess the architecture, the presence of R-S cells and its variants, background infiltrate, and fibrosis. <b>Results</b>: 29 cases of pediatric HL were encountered out of a total of 106 cases of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The age range was 3-14 years with an M: F ratio of 24:5. The most common clinical presentation was lymphadenopathy in 18 cases. Histologic sub typing of 29 cases revealed mixed cellularity to be the predominant subtype. <b>Conclusions</b>: Pediatric HL accounts for 27.3 % of all cases of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in our study. The mean age at presentation was 8.5 years with a male predominance. Mixed cellularity was found to be the most common subtype. https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2007&month=February&volume=1&issue=1&page=3-9&id=46 https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2007/.46 Morbidity Index: An Objective Scoring System for Predicting Neonatal Outcome MATHUR P, DAWAR S <b>Objective</b>: The goal of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a scoring system called ‘morbidity index’(MI) consisting of a combination of grades of electronic foetal heart rate patterns, five-minute Apgar scores and cord arterial base deficit to predict death before discharge in neonatal period. <b>Design</b>: This was a prospective, analytic cohort study. <b>Methods & Material</b>: 985 live born infants irrespective of gestational age and birth weight were enrolled. A relevant obstetric history was recorded for each case. FHR, umbilical cord (arterial) blood base deficit (BD)values and 5 minute Apgar scores of all babies were collected and graded as per Portman(1990) criteria ( Grades (GR)of Foetal Heart Rate patterns: GR 0 - Normal tracings, GR I-Variable decelerations, GR II -Severe Variable / Late decelerations, GR III Prolonged bradycardia; 5 minute Apgar score grades: GR 0 - > 6, GR I - 5 - 6, GR II 3 - 4, GR III 0 - 2; Cord blood BD grades: GR 0 BD - <10mEq/L, GR I BD 10 -14 mEq/L, GR II BD 15 -19 mEq/L, GR III BD &#8805; 20 mEq/L.) All the grades were added up to form the MI for each baby (MI = FHR GR + Apgar Score GR + Cord BD GR). The MI was then analyzed statistically for its efficacy in predicting neonatal mortality. <b>Results</b>: Larger MI values were found to predict neonatal mortality with better specificity than the three predictors taken individually. However sensitivity of MI was relatively low. <b>Conclusion</b>: Morbidity index, as compared to the three individual predictors under study, is a better predictor of neonatal mortality. This is easy to do and the score provides more information than the traditional Apgar score. https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2007&month=February&volume=1&issue=1&page=10-16&id=50 https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2007/.50 Functional Crown Lengthening On A Fractured Tooth In A Medically Compromised Patient GOPAL Y,MULLABADI R A fractured tooth is one of the most challenging cases in a dental office; more so when the tooth is fractured at the level of the gums. Treatment options in such cases are extremely limited. More often than not, extraction of the tooth is preferred. However in medically compromised patients extraction is not feasible and hence other treatment options have to be explored. Functional crown lengthening is one such procedure that allows a dentist to preserve the fractured tooth as well as restore it to its aesthetic and functional stability. Described below is a case involving a tooth fractured at the gum level. The patient was medically compromised, thus ruling out extraction. Functional crown lengthening was the preferred treatment. https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2007&month=February&volume=1&issue=1&page=17-21&id=48 https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2007/.48 Dry Eye Syndrome: A Review GOPAL M, VARGHESE C Dry eye syndrome is a recent discovery in the group of distinct treatable ocular diseases. This condition has been observed to be increasing wildly in the recent past due to civilizational changes. Dry eye is also referred to as tear film instability, a condition that typically develops from deficiencies of one or more components of the biologically complex pre-ocular tear film. Tears are composed of three layers: the outer oily, lipid layer, the middle watery, lacrimal layer, and the inner mucous or mucin layer. Each layer is produced by a different part of the eye for example, the lacrimal gland produces the lacrimal layer. Therefore, a problem originating in any part of the eye can result in dry eyes. Clinically, dry eye cases represent a mixed picture of an allergy, an infection, and either drug or chemical toxicity. Therefore, dry eyes are often considered to be an accompaniment of Spring Catarrh, Follicular/ Trachomatous conjunctivitis, Glaucoma, Aphakia, and so on in clinical practice. Dry eye conditions are classified into those with adequate aqueous tear production and those with aqueous tear deficiency. Lacrimal gland tear production can be determined clinically by means of a Schirmer test without anaesthesia (Schirmer 1) or by other more sophisticated tests for the evaluation of aqueous tear production and turnover. Certain specific pathological tests can differentially diagnose cases with aqueous tear production and aqueous tear deficiency. The market availability of artificial tear solutions or ocular surface wetting/lubricating eye drops have played a significant role in the management of dry eye. https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2007&month=February&volume=1&issue=1&page=22-31&id=49 https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2007/.49