Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, ISSN - 0973 - 709X

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Dr Mohan Z Mani

"Thank you very much for having published my article in record time.I would like to compliment you and your entire staff for your promptness, courtesy, and willingness to be customer friendly, which is quite unusual.I was given your reference by a colleague in pathology,and was able to directly phone your editorial office for clarifications.I would particularly like to thank the publication managers and the Assistant Editor who were following up my article. I would also like to thank you for adjusting the money I paid initially into payment for my modified article,and refunding the balance.
I wish all success to your journal and look forward to sending you any suitable similar article in future"



Dr Mohan Z Mani,
Professor & Head,
Department of Dermatolgy,
Believers Church Medical College,
Thiruvalla, Kerala
On Sep 2018




Prof. Somashekhar Nimbalkar

"Over the last few years, we have published our research regularly in Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. Having published in more than 20 high impact journals over the last five years including several high impact ones and reviewing articles for even more journals across my fields of interest, we value our published work in JCDR for their high standards in publishing scientific articles. The ease of submission, the rapid reviews in under a month, the high quality of their reviewers and keen attention to the final process of proofs and publication, ensure that there are no mistakes in the final article. We have been asked clarifications on several occasions and have been happy to provide them and it exemplifies the commitment to quality of the team at JCDR."



Prof. Somashekhar Nimbalkar
Head, Department of Pediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad
Chairman, Research Group, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad
National Joint Coordinator - Advanced IAP NNF NRP Program
Ex-Member, Governing Body, National Neonatology Forum, New Delhi
Ex-President - National Neonatology Forum Gujarat State Chapter
Department of Pediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat.
On Sep 2018




Dr. Kalyani R

"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research is at present a well-known Indian originated scientific journal which started with a humble beginning. I have been associated with this journal since many years. I appreciate the Editor, Dr. Hemant Jain, for his constant effort in bringing up this journal to the present status right from the scratch. The journal is multidisciplinary. It encourages in publishing the scientific articles from postgraduates and also the beginners who start their career. At the same time the journal also caters for the high quality articles from specialty and super-specialty researchers. Hence it provides a platform for the scientist and researchers to publish. The other aspect of it is, the readers get the information regarding the most recent developments in science which can be used for teaching, research, treating patients and to some extent take preventive measures against certain diseases. The journal is contributing immensely to the society at national and international level."



Dr Kalyani R
Professor and Head
Department of Pathology
Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College
Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research , Kolar, Karnataka
On Sep 2018




Dr. Saumya Navit

"As a peer-reviewed journal, the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research provides an opportunity to researchers, scientists and budding professionals to explore the developments in the field of medicine and dentistry and their varied specialities, thus extending our view on biological diversities of living species in relation to medicine.
‘Knowledge is treasure of a wise man.’ The free access of this journal provides an immense scope of learning for the both the old and the young in field of medicine and dentistry as well. The multidisciplinary nature of the journal makes it a better platform to absorb all that is being researched and developed. The publication process is systematic and professional. Online submission, publication and peer reviewing makes it a user-friendly journal.
As an experienced dentist and an academician, I proudly recommend this journal to the dental fraternity as a good quality open access platform for rapid communication of their cutting-edge research progress and discovery.
I wish JCDR a great success and I hope that journal will soar higher with the passing time."



Dr Saumya Navit
Professor and Head
Department of Pediatric Dentistry
Saraswati Dental College
Lucknow
On Sep 2018




Dr. Arunava Biswas

"My sincere attachment with JCDR as an author as well as reviewer is a learning experience . Their systematic approach in publication of article in various categories is really praiseworthy.
Their prompt and timely response to review's query and the manner in which they have set the reviewing process helps in extracting the best possible scientific writings for publication.
It's a honour and pride to be a part of the JCDR team. My very best wishes to JCDR and hope it will sparkle up above the sky as a high indexed journal in near future."



Dr. Arunava Biswas
MD, DM (Clinical Pharmacology)
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmacology
Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital , Kolkata




Dr. C.S. Ramesh Babu
" Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR) is a multi-specialty medical and dental journal publishing high quality research articles in almost all branches of medicine. The quality of printing of figures and tables is excellent and comparable to any International journal. An added advantage is nominal publication charges and monthly issue of the journal and more chances of an article being accepted for publication. Moreover being a multi-specialty journal an article concerning a particular specialty has a wider reach of readers of other related specialties also. As an author and reviewer for several years I find this Journal most suitable and highly recommend this Journal."
Best regards,
C.S. Ramesh Babu,
Associate Professor of Anatomy,
Muzaffarnagar Medical College,
Muzaffarnagar.
On Aug 2018




Dr. Arundhathi. S
"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR) is a reputed peer reviewed journal and is constantly involved in publishing high quality research articles related to medicine. Its been a great pleasure to be associated with this esteemed journal as a reviewer and as an author for a couple of years. The editorial board consists of many dedicated and reputed experts as its members and they are doing an appreciable work in guiding budding researchers. JCDR is doing a commendable job in scientific research by promoting excellent quality research & review articles and case reports & series. The reviewers provide appropriate suggestions that improve the quality of articles. I strongly recommend my fraternity to encourage JCDR by contributing their valuable research work in this widely accepted, user friendly journal. I hope my collaboration with JCDR will continue for a long time".



Dr. Arundhathi. S
MBBS, MD (Pathology),
Sanjay Gandhi institute of trauma and orthopedics,
Bengaluru.
On Aug 2018




Dr. Mamta Gupta,
"It gives me great pleasure to be associated with JCDR, since last 2-3 years. Since then I have authored, co-authored and reviewed about 25 articles in JCDR. I thank JCDR for giving me an opportunity to improve my own skills as an author and a reviewer.
It 's a multispecialty journal, publishing high quality articles. It gives a platform to the authors to publish their research work which can be available for everyone across the globe to read. The best thing about JCDR is that the full articles of all medical specialties are available as pdf/html for reading free of cost or without institutional subscription, which is not there for other journals. For those who have problem in writing manuscript or do statistical work, JCDR comes for their rescue.
The journal has a monthly publication and the articles are published quite fast. In time compared to other journals. The on-line first publication is also a great advantage and facility to review one's own articles before going to print. The response to any query and permission if required, is quite fast; this is quite commendable. I have a very good experience about seeking quick permission for quoting a photograph (Fig.) from a JCDR article for my chapter authored in an E book. I never thought it would be so easy. No hassles.
Reviewing articles is no less a pain staking process and requires in depth perception, knowledge about the topic for review. It requires time and concentration, yet I enjoy doing it. The JCDR website especially for the reviewers is quite user friendly. My suggestions for improving the journal is, more strict review process, so that only high quality articles are published. I find a a good number of articles in Obst. Gynae, hence, a new journal for this specialty titled JCDR-OG can be started. May be a bimonthly or quarterly publication to begin with. Only selected articles should find a place in it.
An yearly reward for the best article authored can also incentivize the authors. Though the process of finding the best article will be not be very easy. I do not know how reviewing process can be improved. If an article is being reviewed by two reviewers, then opinion of one can be communicated to the other or the final opinion of the editor can be communicated to the reviewer if requested for. This will help one’s reviewing skills.
My best wishes to Dr. Hemant Jain and all the editorial staff of JCDR for their untiring efforts to bring out this journal. I strongly recommend medical fraternity to publish their valuable research work in this esteemed journal, JCDR".



Dr. Mamta Gupta
Consultant
(Ex HOD Obs &Gynae, Hindu Rao Hospital and associated NDMC Medical College, Delhi)
Aug 2018




Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey

"I wish to thank Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), for asking me to write up few words.
Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium i e; into the words and sentences on paper. Quality medical manuscript writing in particular, demands not only a high-quality research, but also requires accurate and concise communication of findings and conclusions, with adherence to particular journal guidelines. In medical field whether working in teaching, private, or in corporate institution, everyone wants to excel in his / her own field and get recognised by making manuscripts publication.


Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."



Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011




Dr. Shankar P.R.

"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."



Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011
Anuradha

Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.


Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020

Important Notice

Past issue
Table of Contents - Year : 2015 | Month : September | Volume : 9 | Issue : 9 XML
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All Articles (147)

Study of Normal Branching Pattern of the Coeliac Trunk and its Variations Using CT Angiography AC01-AC04


Lakshana Selvaraj, Indumathi Sundaramurthi

Junctura Tendinae in the First Intermetacarpal Space: A Case Report AD01-AD02


Biju Urumese Palatty, Raveendranath Veeramani, Manjunath K.Y

Effect of Ubiquinol Therapy on Sperm Parameters and Serum Testosterone Levels in Oligoasthenozoospermic Infertile Men BC01-BC03


Amar Singh Thakur, Gian Paolo Littarru, Iwao Funahashi, Umeshwar Singh Painkara, Narendra Shriram Dange, Prabha Chauhan

A Study on the Level of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Different Treatment Modalities BC04-BC07


Siva Prasad Palem, Philips Abraham

Serum Adenosine Deaminase as Inflammatory Marker in Rheumatoid Arthritis BC08-BC10


Kiranmayi S. Vinapamula, Srinivasarao V.L.N. Pemmaraju, Siddartha Kumar Bhattaram, Aparna R. Bitla, Suchitra M. Manohar

Association of Serum Ferritin Levels with Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance BC11-BC13


Meghana. K. Padwal, Mohsin Murshid, Prachee Nirmale, R. R. Melinkeri

Bisalbuminemia in a Hypothyroid Patient with Diabetes: A Case Report BD01-BD02


Jeevan K. Shetty, Ravindra Maradi, Krishnananda Prabhu, Gopalkrishna Bhat

Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Young Adults with Family History of Coronary Artery Disease CC01-CC04


Kanimozhi Sadasivam, Poornima Nagarajan, Indira Durai, Meenakshi Sundari, Saravanan Ayyavoo, Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy

Effect of Age on Response to Experimental Pain in Normal Indian Males CC05-CC08


Indu Saxena, Manoj Kumar,Abhijeet Singh Barath, Anjali Verma, Sumit Garg, Manoj Kumar

Evaluation of Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and their Association with Biofilm Production in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Tripura, Northeast India DC01-DC04


Sibabrata Bhattacharya, Raunak Bir, Tapan Majumdar

Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunochromatography for Rotavirus Detection in Children Below Five Years with Acute Gastroenteritis DC06-DC09


Shaveta Dhiman, Bimla Devi, Karnail Singh, Pushpa Devi

Correlation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism 35-Kb Upstream of Hla -C and Clinical Profile of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis DC10-DC13


Marwoto, Umi Hani’ Vismayanti Lismana, Afiono Agung Prasetyo, Suradi, Reviono, Harsini

Multi Drug Resistant Klebsiella Isolates in Burn Patients: A Comparative Study DC14-DC16


Naz Perween, S. Kirshna Prakash, Oves Siddiqui

Pulmonary Infection by Blastoschizomyces capitatus in An old Tuberculosis Patient DD01-DD02


Sapna Chauhan, Swati Tiwari, Paramjit Singh, Roma Goyal

Breast Abscess by Salmonella Paratyphi A: Case Report and Literature Review DD03-DD04


Smita Sood

Human Microbiome Engineering: The Future and Beyond DE01-DE04


Arunava Kali

Rapid Screening for Carbapenem Resistant Organisms: Current Results and Future Approaches DM01-DM03


Shalini Anandan, Sunganya Damodaran, Radha Gopi, Yamuna Devi Bakthavatchalam, Balaji Veeraraghavan

Spectrum of Typical and Atypical Clinico-Histopathological and Radiological Presentation of Soft Tissue and Muscular Cysticercosis in Mid-Western and Far-Western Region of Nepal EC01-EC03


Pragya Gautam Ghimire, Prasanna Ghimire, Reena Rana

Serous Microcystic Adenocarcinoma of Pancreas Infiltrating Into Spleen: A Case Report ED01-ED02


Valarmathi Kadhirvel, Sathyalakshmi Ramu, Nidhi Mishra, Mary Lilly Susai Adaikalam, Ramya Venkatesan

Otocephaly: Agnathia– Microstomia–Synotia Syndrome– A Rare Congenital Anomaly ED03-ED04


Sunil Vitthalrao Jagtap, Neerav Saini, Swati Jagtap, Sneha Saini

Primary Bladder Neurofibroma: A Rare Case with Clinical Implications and Diagnostic Challenges ED05-ED06


Srikanth Umakanthan, Ramadas Naik, Maryann Margaret Bukelo, Sharada Rai, Laxman Prabhu

An Unusual Presacral Cyst in An Infant ED07-ED08


Pragati Aditya Sathe, Ratnaprabha Kundlikrao Ghodke, Vageriya Natasha Laxmilal, Bhuvaneshwari Mahendra Kandalkar, Parelkar Sandesh Vinod

Retroperitoneal Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour: A Rare Case Report ED09-ED11


Ayse Nur Deger, Mehmet Akif Bayar, Muzaffer Caydere, Hakki Deger, Mahir TaTayfur

Cytologic Interpretation of Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumour of Infancy Involving Cranial Bones: Clue to Diagnosis ED12-ED14


Asaranti Kar, Priyadarshini Biswal, Susmita Behera, Ipsita Dhal, Surabhi

Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Unusual Cause of Bleeding Pancreatic Mass ED15-ED17


Smeeta Gajendra, Ritesh Sachdev, Ishani Mohapatra, Ruchika Goel, Shalini Goel

An Extemly Rare Case of Left Atrium and Right Pulmonary Vein Leiomyosarcoma ED18-ED20


V.V.L. Srividya, V. Sailendra

Co–Existence of Acinic Cell Carcinoma – Papillary Cystic Variant and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis – Report of A Case with Brief Review ED21-ED23


Krishnappa Amita, Shivshankar VijayShankar, Manchaiah Sanjay

Information Education and Communication can Improve Adherence to Artemether-Lumefantrine Combination in Patients of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria FC01-FC03


Trupti Rekha Swain, Anshupa Raulo, Namita Mohapatra, Malaya Ranjan Singha

Prevalence of Y Chromosome Microdeletions in Idiopathic Azoospermia Cases in Central Indian Men GC01-GC04


Prafulla Ambulkar, Ajay Chuadhary, Jwalant Waghmare, Aaditya Tarnekar, Asoke Pal

Prevalence of Atherosclerotic Coronary Stenosis in Asymptomatic North Indian Population: A Post-mortem Coronary Angiography Study HC01-HC04


Yogender Singh Bansal, Shatrugan Prasad Mandal, Senthil Kumar, Puneet Setia

Is the Time Right to Start Using Flipped Classrooms in Indian Medical Colleges? JL01-JL02


Navin Rajaratnam, Suzanne Maria D’cruz

Screening Depression Among Elderly in a City of Southeast Asia LC01-LC05


Abhishek Gupta, Uday Mohan, Shivendra Kumar Singh, Manish K Manar, Sarvada Chandra Tiwari, Vijay Kumar Singh

Menstrual Disorders and Its Determinants Among Married Women of Rural Haryana LC06-LC09


Farhad Ahamed, Ayush Lohiya, Ankita Kankaria, Vijay Silan, Pradip Kharya, Suliankatchi Abdulkader Rizwan

Burden of Diabetes Related Complications Among Hypertensive and Non Hypertensive Diabetics: A Comparative Study LC10-LC14


Goutham Kesavamoorthy, Awnish K Singh, Shruti Sharma, Jyoti Bala Kasav, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan, Ashish Joshi

Role of Behavioural Risk Factors in Symptoms Related to UTI Among Nursing Students LC15-LC18


Shaili vyas, Parul Sharma, Kajal Srivastava, Vipul Nautiyal, Ved Prakash Shrotriya

Attitude Towards Alzheimer’s Disease Among Undergraduate Students of University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago LC19-LC25


Joan Rawlins, Donovan A McGrowder, Lirmala Kampradi, Allan Ali, Travis Austin, Annalisa Beckles, Renesha Dass, Mahesh Diaram, Preenita Jahorie, Marika Mohammed, Isaac Dialsingh

Prevalence and Current Approaches of Ebola Virus Disease in ASEAN Countries LE01-LE06


Kingston Rajiah, Kok Pui San, Ting Wei Jiun, Tam Ai May, Yap Chan Neng, Hee Kah Seng, Lim Jing Soon, Nazanin Pazooki

Treatment of Acute Painful Thyroiditis with Low Dose Prednisolone: A Study on Patients from Western Nepal MC01-MC03


Krishna Prasad Koirala, Vishal Sharma

Effect of Refractive Status and Axial Length on Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness: An Analysis Using 3D OCT NC01-NC04


Sowmya V., Venkataramanan V.R., Vishnu Prasad

Post Surgical Giant Epidermal Inclusion Cyst of the Lid and Orbit- A Rare Case ND01-ND03


Salil Kumar Mandal, Aparna Mandal, Arghya Bandyopadhya

The Prevalence, Risk Factors and Changes in Symptoms of Self Reported Asthma, Rhinitis and Eczema Among Pregnant Women in Ogbomoso, Nigeria OC01-OC07


Adewale Samson Adeyemi, Adeolu Oladayo Akinboro, Philip Babatunde Adebayo, Moses O. TaTanimowo, Olugbenga Edward Ayodele

Decreased Bone Mineral Density at the Femoral Neck and Lumbar Spine in South Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes OC08-OC12


Pratheesh George Mathen, Molly Mary Thabah, Bobby Zachariah, Ashok Kumar Das

Anti-perinuclear Factor as Diagnostic Marker in Rheumatoid Arthritis OC13-OC16


Zeinab Abedian, Masoud Sagafi, Saeid abedian kenari, Farshideh Abedian

Hypokalaemic Periodic Paralysis– A Prospective Study of the Underlying Etiologies OC17-OC19


Surya Narayana Jandhyala, jagadesh madireddi, jayaprakash belle, N.R Rau, ranjan shetty

Therapeutic Hypothermia after Prolonged Cardiac Arrest: Case Report with Review of Literature OD01-OD02


Gautam Rawal, Sankalp Yadav, Nitin Garg

Immunologic Cerebral Vasculitis and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: An Uncommon Association OD03-OD05


Yiyi Wang, Qian Li, Xiaohan Zhen, Yuan Liu, Qi Wu

Gerbode Defect—A Rare Defect of Atrioventricular Septum and Tricuspid Valve OD06-OD08


Abhay Tidake, Pranil Gangurde, Ajay Mahajan

Inheritance of Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Haemoglobin (HPFH) in a Family of Western Odisha, India OD09-OD10


Siris Patel, Snehadhini Dehury, Prasanta Purohit, Satyabrata Meher, Kishalaya Das

Follicular Bronchiolitis: A Literature Review OE01-OE05


Basheer Tashtoush, Ndubuisi C. Okafor, Jose F. Ramirez, Laurence Smolley

Pseudo-ballooning of Radial Artery- An Artifact OJ01-


Surender Deora, Sanjay Shah, Tejas Patel

Atrial Fibrillation Due to Acute Myocarditis During Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever OL01-OL02


Hans Raj Pahadiya, Veeram Parmar, Harish Kumar, Amit Sagar

A Comparison of Clinical Features, Pathology and Outcomes in Various Subtypes of Breast Cancer in Indian Women PC01-PC04


Anupama Mane, Khalid Ismail Khatib, Sanjay P. Deshmukh, Shona M. Nag, S. P. Sane, Bhushan P.Zade

Paraganglioma of Urinary Bladder Presenting as An Early Preeclampsia with Successful Perinatal Outcome After Surgery: A Case Report and Review of Literature PD01-PD02


Kaje Yogesh Dattatrya, Tanwar Harshawardhan Vedpalsingh, Shelke Umesh Ravikant, Singh Abhishek Gajendra, Patwardhan Sujata Kiran

Penile Metastases From Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Presentation PD03-PD04


Srikanth Soma, Poorna Chander Reddy, Rahul Bhat, Shivananda Prabhu

A Case Series & Review of Literature of Angiomyolipoma with Medical & Surgical Perspective PD05-PD07


Santosh Kumar, Kumar Jayant, Shrawan Kumar Singh, Swati Agrawal

An Unusual Transorbital Penetrating Injury by House-key (lock): A Case Report with a Small Review of Literature PD08-PD09


Santanu Sarkar, Sandeep Modi, Arup kumar seth, Soumyajyoti Panja

Ectopic Ureter Accompanied by Duplicated Ureter: Three Cases PD10-PD12


Ufuk Senel, Halil Ibrahim Tanriverdi, Zafer Ozmen, Selami Sozubir

A Rare Case of Emphysematous Cholecystitis PD13-PD14


Supreet Khare, Aswini K Pujahari

Perigraft Seroma Presenting as Discharging Sinus and Spontaneous Exteriorization of Vascular Graft – A Rare Entity Following Vascular Repair with PTFE Graft PD15-PD16


Annu Babu, Manish Kumar Pandey, Amit Gupta, Piyush Ranjan, Maneesh Singhal

De novo Choledocholithiasis in Retained Common Bile Duct Stent PD17-PD18


Manish H. Upwanshi, Salman T. Shaikh, Smruti R. Ghetla, Tilakdas S. Shetty

Intramuscular Ossified Haemangioma: A Rare Case Report PD19-PD21


Mano Ananth Arivazhagan Brinda, Srinidhi Manjunath, Kanakapura Srinivasamurthy Balasubrahmaniya, R.D Manjunath, Basavaraju Nanjaiah

Pacinian Neuroma Presenting as Congenital Macrodactyly: A Rare Case Report PD22-PD23


Surya Rao Rao Venkata Mahipathy, Alagar Raja Durairaj, Jayaganesh Parthasarathy

Pleomorphic Adenoma in Subcutaneous Plane of the Neck: A Rare Entity PD24-PD25


Bharat Kamath, Pooja Kamath, Prasad Bhukebag

Ectopic Spleen Presenting as Lump Abdomen: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature PD26-PD27


Bapurapu Rajaram, Madipeddi Venkanna, Dodda Ramesh Kumar, Boda Kumaraswamy, Bachannagari Srinivas Reddy

CT Guided Removal of Iatrogenic Foreign Body: A Broken Intravenous Cannula PD28-PD29


Amanpreet Singh, Anupama Kaur, Majhail Singh, Surinder Kaur

A Rare Case of Jejunal Atresia Due to Intrauterine Intussusception PD30-PD31


Sanjeev B Joshi, Vidyadhar Kinhal, Mahesh Desai, Tilak, Fazal UR Rehman Choudhari

Indwelling Catheterization in Caesarean Section: Time To Retire It! QC01-QC04


Divya Pandey, Sumita Mehta, Anshul Grover, Neerja Goel

A Case Control Study to Evaluate the Association between Primary Cesarean Section for Dystocia and Vitamin D Deficiency QC05-QC08


Ajit Sebastian, Reeta Vijayaselvi, Yohen Nandeibam, Madhupriya Natarajan, Thomas Vizhalil Paul, B.Antonisamy, Jiji Elizabeth Mathews

Pregnancy with Irreducible Utero-Vaginal Prolapse QD01-QD02


Pradip kumar Saha, Vanita Suri, Puja Sikka

A Huge Mature Cystic Teratoma in a Nulliparous Patient QD03-QD04


Isil Uzun, Melih Gunduz, Ozlem Pata, Cihat Unlu

Virilizing Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor: A Rare Case QD05-QD06


Aishwarya Bettegowda, Nagarathnamma Rangaiah, Nagendra Prasad, Savitha Channa Veeregowda

Takayasu Arteritis with Bilateral Renal Artery Stenosis and Left Subclavian Artery Stenosis in Pregnancy QD07-QD08


Sharma Nalini, Singh Ahanthem Santa

Post-Partum Diastasis of the Pubic Symphysis: Report of a Rare Case QD09-QD10


Jeevitha Kamakoti Jayaraman, Prabha Ganapathy, Nalliannan Indira

Middle Interhemispheric Variant of Holoprosencephaly – Presenting as Non–Visualized Cavum Septum Pellucidum and An Interhemispheric Cyst in A 19–Weeks Fetus QD11-QD13


Akhila Vasudeva, Shalini S Nayak, Rajagopal Kadavigere, Katta M Girisha, Jyothi Shetty

An Abdominal Wall Desmoid Tumour Mimicking Cesarean Scar Endometriomas: A Case Report and Review of the Literature QD14-QD16


Birol Vural, Fisun Vural, Bahar Müezzinoglu

Primary Tubal Choriocarcinoma Presented as Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy QD17-QD18


Erbil Karaman, Orkun Çetin, Ali Kolusari, Irfan Bayram

Management of Proximal Tibia Fractures Using Wire Based Circular External Fixator RC01-RC04


Harpreet Singh, Rakesh Kumar Misra, Manjinder Kaur

Measurement of Ulnar Variance in a Regional Subset of Indian Population—A Pilot Study of 30 Subjects RC05-RC08


Divesh Jalan, Abhay Elhence, Prakrati Yadav

A Rare Combination of Avulsion Fractures Around the Knee –A Case Report RD01-RD03


Deepak Sampath, Hanumantha Reddy, Chirag Thonse, Jayanth Kumar Bangalore Chikkanna

Determinants of Capillary Refill Time in Healthy Neonates SC01-SC03


Shweta Singh, Ashok Kumar, Sriparna Basu, Baldev Bhatia

Evaluation of Cord Blood - Haematological Scoring System as an Early Predictive Screening Method for the Detection of Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis SC04-SC06


Vamseedhar Annam, Vijayashree Medarametla, Nalinimohan Chakkirala

Study of Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life SC07-SC10


Purnima Samayam, Pradeep Krishna Ranganathan, Usha Deepthi Kotari, Ravichander Balasundaram

Incontinence in Intellectual Disability: An Under Recognized Cause SD01-SD02


Lal DevayaniVasudevan Nair, Benjamin Sagayaraj, Rajan V.T.T., Radha Kumar

Mesenchymal Hamartoma of Chest Wall in an Infant: Mimicking Persistent Pneumonia SD03-SD04


Amitabh Singh, Rachna Seth, Gautham Pai, Lesa Dawman, Amit Satapaapathy

Efficacy of High Frequency Ultrasound in Localization and Characterization of Orbital Lesions TC01-TC06


Rashmi M Nagaraju, G Gurushankar, Bhimarao, Bindushree Kadakola

Role of High Resolution Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Pathologies of Temporal Bone TC07-TC10


Chuni Lal Thukral, Amandeep Singh, Sunmeet Singh, Arvinder Singh Sood, Kunwarpal Singh

Lhermitte-Duclos Disease: Diagnosis on MRI, MR Spectroscopy, CT and Positron Emission Tomography TJ01-TJ02


Neeraj Jain, Udit Chauhan, Vandana Goel, Sunil Kumar Puri

Efficacy of Caudal Clonidine and Fentanyl on Analgesia, Neuroendocrine Stress Response and Emergence Agitation in Children Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries Under General Anaesthesia with Sevoflurane UC01-UC05


Sharmila Ahuja, Megha Aggarwal, Nandita Joshi, Sujata Chaudhry, SV Madhu

Comparative Evaluation of Bolus Administration of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl for Stress Attenuation During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation UC06-UC09


Sellamuthu Gunalan, Rajagopalan Venkatraman, Govindarajan Sivarajan, Paneerselvam Sunder

Comparison of Effects of Different Doses Dexmedetomidine on Inhibiting Tracheal Intubation-Evoked Haemodynamic Response in the Elderly Patients UC10-UC13


Guan Zhan -ying, Wang Chang-ming, Tang Shuai,Tong Lin-lin, Han Yu-feng

Evaluation of Efficacy of Epidural Clonidine with 0.5% Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia for Orthopaedic Lower Limb Surgeries UC14-UC18


Karthik Krishnamoorthy, Saravanan Ravi, Ilango Ganesan

A Randomized Double Blinded Comparison of Epidural Infusion of Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Bupivacaine-Fentanyl, Ropivacaine-Fentanyl for Postoperative Pain Relief in Lower Limb Surgeries UC19-UC23


Krishan Yogesh Sawhney, Sandeep Kundra, Anju Grewal, Sunil Katyayal, Gurdeep Singh, Ananjit Kaur

Intubating Conditions of two Different Doses of Rocuronium At 60 Seconds; by Clinical Assessment; and with T.O.F Response of Adductor Pollicis Muscle UC24-UC28


Vijayakumar.M.Heggeri, Aparna S. Harbishettar, Ajitkumar Deka , Tejwant Rajkhowa

Sports Induced Cardiac Arrest: A Case of Missed Rhabdomyolysis UD01-UD02


Parshotam L Gautam, Neeru Luthra, Prabhdeep Singh Nain

A Simple Technique to Prevent Reverse Flow of Blood From Intravenous Line in Ipsilateral Arm with Noninvasive Blood Pressure Cuff UL01-


Paurush Ambesh, Sushil P Ambesh

Psychiatric Morbidity in Infertility Patients in a Tertiary Care Setup VC01-VC06


Pankaj Verma, Rajesh Rastogi, Soumya Sachdeva, Raghu Gandhi, Rohit Kapoor, Sarthak Sachdeva

Development of Screening Questionnaire for Detection of Alcohol Dependence VC07-VC10


Shubh Mohan Singh, Ashish Bhalla, Om Prakash Giri, Siddharth Sarkar

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with Intellectual Disability: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge VD01-VD02


Priyanka Gautam, M.S. Bhatia

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: Benzodiazepines and Beyond VE01-VE07


Ankur Sachdeva, Mona Choudhary, Mina Chandra

Telogen Effluvium: A Review WE01-WE03


Shashikant Malkud

Leprosy Mimicking Psoriasis WJ01-WJ02


Rita V Vora, Abhishek P Pilani, Nidhi Jivani, Rahul Krishna Kota

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on Survival in Curatively Resected Gallbladder Carcinoma XC01-XC04


Sunil Choudhary, Anupam Kumar Asthana

Synchronous Bilateral Breast Cancers XC05-XC08


Naveen Padmanabhan, Annapurneswari Subramanyan, Selvi Radhakrishna

Identifying the Factors Causing Delayed Presentation of Cancer Patients to a Government Medical College of Central India XC09-XC12


Vivek Tiwari, Veenita Yogi, Hameed Uzzafar Ghori, Om Prakash Singh, Karan Peepre, Suresh Yadav, Chaitlal Mohare

Isolated Langerhans Histiocytosis in Thyroid: Thyroidectomy or Chemotherapy? XD01-XD03


Anoop Attakkil, Vandana Thorawade, Mohan Jagade,Rajesh Kar, Kartik Parelkar

Oncologic Concerns in An Exstrophied Urinary Bladder - An Indian Scenario XD04-XD05


S Shwetha, Hemanth S Ghalige, Love Goyal, Preety Jain, Fakhruddin

Diode Laser in Management of Tracheobronchial Typical Carcinoid: A Case Report with Review of Literature XD06-XD07


Navin Bhambhani, Jayesh Gori, Vishwanath Masurkar, Sonal Thombre

Post Esophagectomy Hiatal Hernia; Expect the Unexpected XL01-


Karthik Krishna Prasad, Rahul Kumar Chaudhary

Comparison of Plaque Inhibiting Efficacies of Aloe Vera and Propolis Tooth Gels: A Randomized PCR Study ZC01-ZC03


Aravind Kumar, Musalaiah SVV Sunkara, Indeevar Pantareddy, Sankaran Sudhakar

SBS vs Inhouse Recycling Methods-An Invitro Evaluation ZC04-ZC08


Supradeep Kumar Kamisetty, Jaya krishanan Verma, Arun, Shanta Sundari, Shyamala Chandrasekhar, Aravind Kumar

Prevalence of Zygomatic Air Cell Defect using Orthopantomogram ZC09-ZC11


Mallika Kishore, Sunil R. Panat, Abhinav Kishore, Ashish Aggarwal, Nitin Upadhyay, Nupur Agarwal

Influence of Full Veneer Restoration on Fracture Resistance of Three Different Core Materials: An Invitro Study ZC12-ZC15


S.A Mohamed Ali, P.S Manoharan, Kuldeep Singh Shekhawat, Saikat Deb, S. Chidambaram , Jagadish Konchada , Nirupapa Venugopapal, Harish Vadivel

Influence of Surface Modifications of Acrylic Resin Teeth on Shear Bond Strength with Denture Base Resin-An Invitro Study ZC16-ZC21


Vallabh Mahadevan, Madhusudan Krishnan, Chitra Shankar Krishnan, N.S.Azhagarasan, Jayakrishnakumar Sampathkumar, Hariharan Ramasubramanian

Have Smartphones Contributed in the Clinical Progress of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery? ZC22-ZC24


Jigar M. Dhuvad, Mukesh M. Dhuvad, Rajesh A. Kshirsagar

The Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in the Reduction of Incidence of Dry Socket: An Institutional Double Blind Study ZC25-ZC28


K.P. Anand, Swadheena Patro, Abhijita Mohapatra, Sumita Mishra

Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy of CIA and CNA Intrusion Arches ZC29-ZC33


Swati Sharma, Sambhav Vora, Vinisha Pandey

Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Kannada Version of Modified Dental Anxiety Scale Among an Adult Indian Population ZC34-ZC38


Gaurav Gupta, Namita Shanbhag, Manjunath P Puranik

Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Surface Roughness of Different Denture Base Materials ZC39-ZC42


Hamada Zaki Mahross, Mahmoud Darwish Mohamed, Ahmed Mohammed Hassan, Kusai Baroudi

Impact of Bariatric Surgery and Diet Modification on Periodontal Status: A Six Month Cohort Study ZC43-ZC45


Gagan Rajesh Jaiswal, Vijayendra Kumar Jain, Shrikant Vishnu Dhodapkar, Kanteshwari Iranagouda Kumathalli, Rajesh Kumar, Arun Nemawat, Ankita Jain

Desensitizing Agent Reduces Dentin Hypersensitivity During Ultrasonic Scaling: A Pilot Study ZC46-ZC49


Tomonari Suda, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Toshiharu Akiyama, Takuya Takano, Misa Gokyu, Takeaki Sudo, Thatawee Khemwong, Yuichi Izumi

Evaluation of Salivary Levels of Pyridinoline Cross Linked Carboxyterminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (ICTP) in Periodontal Health and Disease ZC50-ZC55


Debasish Mishra, Sivaram Gopalakrishnan, K.V.Arun, Tirunveli Saravanan Subu Kumar, Santosh Devanathan, Satya Ranjan Misra

Spectrophotometric Study of the Effect of Luting Agents on the Resultant Shade of Ceramic Veneers: An Invitro Study ZC56-ZC60


Ajit Suryakant Jankar, Yogesh Kale, Swati Pustake, Shobha Bijjaragi, Bhushan Pustake

Evaluation of Microleakage of Dental Composites Using Bonding Agents with Different Placement Techniques: An Invitro Study ZC61-ZC64


Jasvir Kaur, Deepika Kapoor, Deepanshu Garg, Mk Sunil, Anshul Sawhney, Neha Malaviya, Shashank Tripathi, Saloni Arora

Prevalence and Difficulty Index Associated with the 3rd Mandibular Molar Impaction among Malaysian Ethnicities: A Clinico-Radiographic Study ZC65-ZC68


Haydar Majeed Mahdey, Shelly Arora, Myint Wei

Inhibition of Tongue Coat and Dental Plaque Formation by Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide Vs Chlorhexidine Mouthrinse: A Randomized, Triple Blinded Study ZC69-ZC74


Seema Roodmal Yadav, Vineet Vaman Kini, Ashvini Padhye

Estimation of Release of Nickel and Chromium by Indian Made Orthodontic Appliance in Saliva ZC75-ZC79


Sandeep Parashar, Rajkumar Maurya, Ankur Gupta, Chatura Hegde, Neelima Anand

Evaluation of Relationship Between Demographics and Dental Status in a Defined Group of Iranian Paediatric Patients Undergoing Cancer Therapy ZC80-ZC83


Hamed Mortazavi, Maryam Tashvighi, Morteza Azizian, Hamid Reza Khalighi, Siamak Sabour, Amir Movahhedian, Maryam Baharvand

Spontaneous Bone Regeneration After Enucleation of Large Jaw Cysts: A Digital Radiographic Analysis of 44 Consecutive Cases ZC84-ZC89


Rabin Chacko, Saurabh Kumar, Arun Paul, Arvind

Prevalence of Elongated Styloid Process in a Central Brazilian Population ZC90-ZC92


Evanice Menezes Marçal Vieira, Orlando Aguirre Guedes , Sylvania de Morais, Carlo Ralph de Musis, Paulo Artur Andrade de Albuquerque, Ãlvaro Henrique Borges

Driving the Mineral out Faster: Simple Modifications of the Decalcification Technique ZC93-ZC97


Supriya Nikita Kapila, Srikant Natarajan, Karen Boaz, Jay Ashokkumar Pandya, Shanmukha Raviteja Yinti

Amnion and Chorion Allografts in Combination with Coronally Advanced Flap in the Treatment of Gingival Recession: A Clinical Study ZC98-ZC101


Sonali Chakraborthy, Savita Sambashivaiah, Rithesh Kulal, Shivaprasad Bilchodmath

Modified Occlusal Table - An Aid to Enhance Function of Hemimandibulectomy Patient: A Case Report ZD01-ZD03


H.S. Shashidhara, Roopa Kundur Thippanna, Krutika Dang, Neha Hajira, Atulya Sharma

A Case of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Treated with Submerged Root Technique ZD04-ZD05


Ginjupally Uday, Bhanu Chandar, J. Srilakshmi, Tanya Khaitan, B. Balaji Babu

Reconstruction and Intentional Replantation of a Maxillary Central Incisor with a Complete Vertical Root Fracture: A Rare Case Report with Three Years Follow up ZD06-ZD09


Deepti Dua, Ankur Dua

Heterogeneity of Nasolabial Flap- Role in Prevention of Morbidity Associated with Reconstruction of Orofacial Defects ZD10-ZD11


Roshni Abida, Muhamed Sajid Ayyallil

Magnet and Semi Precision Attachment in an Implant Retained Partial Denture for the Rehabilitation of an Irradiated Marginal Mandibulectomy Patient: A Case Report ZD12-ZD14


Blessy Susan Bangera, Satyabodh Shesharaj Guttal, Sudhindra S Kulkarni, Adarsh Kudva, Srinath Thakur

Deceptive Lesions of Periodontium: A Case Series ZD15-ZD18


Deepak Pandiar, Manjusha Pattamparambath, Pranav Vijayan Kalathingal, Shameena Pallikandi Maliyekkal, Amol Nagrale Vijay

Proposed Clinico-Pathological Classification for Oral Exophytic Lesions ZE01-ZE08


Arvind Babu Rajendra Santosh, Doryck Boyd, Kumaraswamy Kikeri Laxminarayana

A Review on Perforation Repair Materials ZE09-ZE13


Abhijeet Kamalkishor Kakani, Chandrasekhar Veeramac haneni, Chandrakanth Majeti, Muralidhar Tummala, Laxmi Khiyani

Toll–Like Receptors: A Key Marker for Periodontal Disease and Preterm Birth – A Contemporary Review ZE14-ZE17


Prathahini Parthiban, Jaideep mahendra

Osseoperception: An Implant Mediated Sensory Motor Control- A Review ZE18-ZE20


Vishrut Mohan Bhatnagar, Jyoti T. Karani, Anshul Khanna, Praveen Badwaik, Ashutosh Pai

Biomedical Biopolymers, their Origin and Evolution in Biomedical Sciences: A Systematic Review ZE21-ZE25


Preeti Yadav, Harsh Yadav, Veena Gowri Shah, Gaurav Shah, Gaurav Dhaka

Forensic Facial Reconstruction: The Final Frontier ZE26-ZE28


Sonia Gupta, Vineeta Gupta, Hitesh Vij, Ruchieka Vij, Nutan Tyagi

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining ZJ01-


Ketki Kalele, Noopur Kulkarni, Rahul Kathariya

The Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Dentistry ZL01-


Tolga Cakmak, Suleyman Metin, Sevket Balta, Ahmet Sen, Ahmet Akin

Letter to the Editor Regarding Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Characterization of its Extent and Severity in An Adult Population: An Observational Study ZL02-ZL03


Pooja Khare, Amit Khare

A Contemporary Approach to Classify Ghost Cells Comprising Oral Lesions ZM01-ZM02


Achla Bharti Yadav, Sumit Kumar Yadav, Anjali Narwal, Anju Devi

All the research studies published were performed in accordance to the Declaration of Helsinki. Written consent was obtained from all the included subjects (or the responsible next kin), where ever applicable. In case reports or any article which includes patients images, permission was sought from the patient (or the responsible next kin) for publication. Whether or not this has been explicitly stated in the manuscript, this was declared by the authors at the time of submission of manuscript to the journal. In a rare event, if the consent could not be obtained due to loss of patient for follow up or death or loss of contact, even after reasonable effort, the editors then decided on case by case basis, weighing on the individual contribution the report will make to advancement of medical literature.